Insights into the Multilevel Structural Characterization and Adsorption Mechanism of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis Sucker on the Rough Surface

The present study investigates the adsorption performance and adsorption mechanism of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis on different rough surfaces. The different positions of the sucker surface of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis were observed by adopting the stereomicroscope and SEM. The observed results showed that the sucker of Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis had a multilevel structure of villi and groove. The anterior and posterior of Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis had different microscopic morphologies. The surface roughness of the adsorption substrate ranged from 7 μm to 188 μm. Adsorption strength of Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis and the conventional sucker on different rough surfaces were measured by a purposely designed device. The results showed that the back of Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis mainly provided the adsorption strength. The adsorption strength of the conventional sucker gradually decreased with surface roughness increasing, but the adsorption strength of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis had not changed significantly. Based on the experimental results, the adsorption mechanism of Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis on the surface with different roughness was analyzed by the spectral function. The Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis sucker with a multilevel structure worked well on the rough surface, which led to Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis with a good sealing on the rough surface. The present work could help to develop a new type of sucker with effective adsorption performance on a rough surface to meet the needs of the engineering field.

Peculiarities of actualization of sociological, cultural and episodic memory components in the works of the Great Patriotic War

The article studies a complex contaminated process of actualization of semantic components, which explicate various spheres of intentional objectification of general content in the texts of the precedent world “The Great Patriotic War”. The focuses, first of all, on the axiological basis for integrating the components of comparing personal understanding of the precedent phenomenon and its perception in culture. The dominants of psychic and socially oriented elements of the value space acquire their verbalization in the intimization sphere on the basis of texts of special cultural significance. They are analyzed on the basis of the hermeneutic method, which allows revealing the greatest number of facets of both the basic, nuclear area of verbalization, and to delimit the etymological, passive elements of the semantic hierarchy. In addition, in the process of analyzing the core and periphery, the most effective ways of verbalization and intimization of individual overtones of cultural concepts are determined. Within the framework of identifying the mechanisms of reflexive understanding of the phenomena of “feat”, “suffering”, “anger”, the initial contaminated space of modification of nuclear, etymological, historical and personal peripheral components in their inextricable interaction and mutual influence is recreated. The essence of the dismembered diegetic narration as a key technique for guiding the recipient into the process of derivation of the general content of the work with the formation of a common space of perception and understanding is revealed. The key principles of the reader’s presentation and awareness of the “intimacy” of the narrative with mutual reflexive assessment of the event by the reader and the reader’s hypothetical attitude by the author of the work are described. On the basis of the author’s intentional and unconscious reader’s social reflection in the process of actualizing the components of sociocultural memory within the framework of the precedent world of the Great Patriotic War, a complex conceptual-valency space with a multilevel structure is formed in the linguocultural consciousness of the Russian-speaking community, including the components of the author’s episodic memory.

A Pansharpening Generative Adversarial Network with Multilevel Structure Enhancement and a Multistream Fusion Architecture

Deep learning has been widely used in various computer vision tasks. As a result, researchers have begun to explore the application of deep learning for pansharpening and have achieved remarkable results. However, most current pansharpening methods focus only on the mapping relationship between images and the lack overall structure enhancement, and do not fully and completely research optimization goals and fusion rules. Therefore, for these problems, we propose a pansharpening generative adversarial network with multilevel structure enhancement and a multistream fusion architecture. This method first uses multilevel gradient operators to obtain the structural information of the high-resolution panchromatic image. Then, it combines the spectral features with multilevel gradient information and inputs them into two subnetworks of the generator for fusion training. We design a comprehensive optimization goal for the generator, which not only minimizes the gap between the fused image and the real image but also considers the adversarial loss between the generator and the discriminator and the multilevel structure loss between the fused image and the panchromatic image. It is worth mentioning that we comprehensively consider the spectral information and the multilevel structure as the input of the discriminator, which makes it easier for the discriminator to distinguish real and fake images. Experiments show that our proposed method is superior to state-of-the-art methods in both the subjective visual and objective assessments of fused images, especially in road and building areas.

Integral Structure Of Professional I-Concept

The paper considers the notion of “professional self-concept”. Its multilevel structure, in which components, modalities, levels, time components and distorting components are identified and described, is represented and substantiated. Professional self-concept is considered as a structural analogue of the general self-concept and the marked difference in the structures of the concepts is showed

Aerial drone observations identified a multilevel society in feral horses

The study of non-human multilevel societies can give us insights into how group-level relationships function and are maintained in a social system, but their mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to apply spatial association data obtained from drones to verify the presence of a multilevel structure in a feral horse society. We took aerial photos of individuals that appeared in pre-fixed areas and collected positional data. The threshold distance of the association was defined based on the distribution pattern of the inter-individual distance. The association rates of individuals showed bimodality, suggesting the presence of small social organizations or “units”. Inter-unit distances were significantly smaller than those in randomly replaced data, which showed that units associate to form a higher-level social organization or “herd”. Moreover, this herd had a structure where large mixed-sex units were more likely to occupy the center than small mixed-sex units and all-male-units, which were instead on the periphery. These three pieces of evidence regarding the existence of units, unit association, and stable positioning among units strongly indicated a multilevel structure in horse society. The present study contributes to understanding the functions and mechanisms of multilevel societies through comparisons with other social indices and models as well as cross-species comparisons in future studies.

MULTI-LEVEL STRUCTURE OF POLISEMOUS WORD: INVARIANT-CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Within the framework of the article, we have come up with a hypothesis of a polysemous word integrity as a multilevel structure, which is ensured by the dominant lexical invariant meaning. The analysis of the English polysemous word “key” is presented with the use of the empirical invariant-component method. Metaphorical clusters of meanings of this word and its lexical invariant are defined as a set of basic dominant components that form the semantic core of the word. The reasons for the ambiguity of the boundaries of the lexical meaning are substantiated, the patterns of schematization of the meanings of the word “key” are revealed. The use of lexical invariants can be useful for didactic purposes when using them as an alternative to memorizing lists of polysemous word meanings. The proposed method can be useful when compiling educational dictionaries. The representation of the semantic structure of words in the form of lexical invariants has a number of advantages over the “list theory”, it can significantly complement the theory of “general meaning”.