DNA Profiling from Dentine and It’s Role in Signifying Individuality

Forensic dentistry is the field which is a combination of forensic and dentistry. In this we go for principles used in dentistry or dentistry forthe use in judiciary. It is one field inwhich we collectthe evidence related to dentistry and analyze them for the purpose of investigation. In a crime scene or a disaster situation a lot of destruction occurs. It becomes important to determine the identity of an individual and we can say it is the identity of the deceased. This study is being conducted based on previous research and literature presented by various research scholars. When it comes to a crime scene where we do not get the victim or culprit but we find the dentalevidence and also in cases of mass disasters, catastrophic events, industrial disasters where identification is necessary if we found the dental evidence, they can help a lot in determining age, gender partial identity can be known through this evidence. Many methods are there to determine identity through dental evidence and also apart from dental evidence we have orthometric methods but dental evidence is found to be more cheap, easy, fast methods. In this we have discussed how DNA is extracted from the teeth and it's further processing so that it will help in establishing someone's identity. Keywords: Dentistry, Forensic Dentistry, Dental Evidence, Extraction, DNA Profiling etc

The A'ingae Co-Occurrence Constraint

Many OT frameworks have been proposed to account for co-occurrence phenomena, including agreement as correspondence (Rose & Walker, 2004) and total and partial identity (Gallagher & Coon, 2009). However, aggressive reduplication (Zuraw, 2002) is best able to account for new data from A'ingae, as it accounts for agreement between whole syllables rather than individual segments. In this paper, I put forward novel co-occurrence data from A'ingae, a language isolate spoken by approximately 1,500 people in Ecuador and Colombia. I then describe how the data can be accounted for using Zuraw's (2002) aggressive reduplication, with only minor modifications. Finally, I consider historical motivations for the existence of this type of co-occurrence pattern.

SEMANTICS FOR OBRATNO: A RE-ENTRY INTO A DISCONTINUED STATE

This paper explores the meaning and distribution of obratno, one of the Russian repetitive and restitutive morphemes. We identify three essential characteristics of obratno: obligatoriness of the restitutive reading, narrow scope with respect of indefinites, and incompatibility with eventuality descriptions that entail a result state in the sense of [Kratzer 2000]. We argue that like garden-variety repetitive and restitutive morphemes (e.g., Russian opjat’), obratno denotes a partial identity function with a presupposition. Unlike such morphemes, however, the presuppositional content of obratno involves a return to the same state in which an entity had been before. We capture this characteristic relying on [Landman’s 2008] notion of crosstemporal identity of eventualities and the derivative notion of a cross-temporal substate. This makes the repetitive reading of obratno unavailable, forces identity of the holders of a state, deriving the narrow scope effect, and guarantees that obratno is only compatible with target state descriptions.

Gesprochenes Schriftdeutsch im Schwäbischen.

The article demonstrates how to reconstruct an oral historical variety by using modern methods and different written sources. The phonetic-phonological phenomena of Regional High German in the nineteenth century are reconstructed for Swabia. Then, a method is presented for identifying mistakes (schriftsprachorientierte Fehlschreibungen) in Georg Wenker’s Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reichs (1888–1923). These mistakes are based on the partial identity of dialect and Regional High German, and can be used to reconstruct the oral historical variety for the nineteenth century.

A Spatially Explicit Capture–Recapture Model for Partially Identified Individuals When Trap Detection Rate Is Less than One

Spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models have gained enormous popularity to solve abundance estimation problems in ecology. In this study, we develop a novel Bayesian SECR model that disentangles two processes: one is the process of animal arrival within a detection region, and the other is the process of recording this arrival by a given set of detectors. We integrate this complexity into an advanced version of a recent SECR model involving partially identified individuals (Royle JA. Spatial capture-recapture with partial identity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.06873, 2015). We assess the performance of our model over a range of realistic simulation scenarios and demonstrate that estimates of population size N improve when we utilize the proposed model relative to the model that does not explicitly estimate trap detection probability (Royle JA. Spatial capture-recapture with partial identity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.06873, 2015). We confront and investigate the proposed model with a spatial capture–recapture dataset from a camera trapping survey of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Nagarahole study area of southern India. Detection probability is estimated at 0.489 (with 95% credible interval (CI) [0.430, 0.543]) which implies that the camera traps are performing imperfectly and thus justifying the use of our model in real world applications. We discuss possible extensions, future work and relevance of our model to other statistical applications beyond ecology. AMS classification codes: 62F15, 92D40

Evaluation of lake eutrophication status based on set pair analysis and confidence intervals

Because traditional assessing methods usually yield extreme results and are of poor resolution, a set pair analysis based on triangular fuzzy number is established. Set pair analysis method is an uncertainty analysis method of the system whose formula structure analysis of connection degree is established by the identity degree, discrepancy degree and contrary degree to deal with all kinds of uncertainty and fuzzy problems. The measured value and the lake quality criteria are two interrelated sets put together to compose a set pair with respect to the problem of determination of the magnitude of lake eutrophication. The basic expression of the degree of couplet is extended at different levels and at the same level to form a multi-element connection number, in order to set up a five-element connection number in relation to I-V grades evaluation standard commonly used in lake assessment. The discrepancy degree is expanded into partial identity in discrepancy, entirety discrepancy and partial contrary in discrepancy, this forms a multivariate connection number of identity, partial identity in discrepancy, entirety discrepancy, partial contrary in discrepancy and contrary. By introducing triangular fuzzy number the number of links to get the evaluation grade for a confidence interval was obtained, weight value calculated by weighted average method and finally got the evaluation grade as a confidence interval based on confidence level. The case study shows that the method presents the evaluating grade as a confidence interval which has advantages of high resolution and information utilization.

Almost Identical, Almost Innocent

In his 1991 book, Parts of Classes, David Lewis discusses the idea that composition is identity, alongside the idea that mereological overlap is a form of partial identity. But this notion of partial identity does nothing to help Lewis achieve his goals in that book. So why does he mention it? I explore and resolve this puzzle, by comparing Parts of Classes with Lewis's invocation of partial identity in his 1993 paper ‘Many But Almost One’, where he uses it to address Unger's problem of the many. I raise some concerns about this way of thinking of partial identity, but conclude that, for Lewis, it is an important defence against accusations of ontological profligacy.