Translations of Novels in the Romanian Culture during the Interwar Period and WWII (1918-1944): A Quantitative Perspective

This article continues the quantitative analysis of translations of novels in Romania for the 1918-1944 period. Baghiu discusses the decay of the French novel (from almost 70% of the total of translated novels during the long 19th century to almost 43% during the interwar period), and the case of two competitors in the second line of translations (American and Russian). The article turns then to the European and Global peripheries from the perspective of the colonial ‘20s and ‘30s, and discusses the eco narratives of the Nordic novel, and the identity function of the Asian novel within this translationscape.

A unified semantic analysis of Chinese adverbial ziji

This study of Chinese adverbial ziji investigates why cross-linguistically adverbial intensifiers often develop two different uses, namely the exclusive use and the inclusive use. Arguing against the polysemous account proposed in previous works like Siemund (2000), and assuming the mechanism suggested in Liao (2018) for exclusive ziji, the paper presents a new analysis revised from Gast’s (2006) account for intensifiers. In the analysis, there is only one ziji for all its adverbial uses. By adjoining to different X’ positions in the structure, adverbial ziji may get different surface meanings. Despite the surface differences, adverbial ziji always has the following semantics: it works as an identity function, evokes alternatives for consideration, and receives an exclusive meaning after the application of the covert exhaustivity operator O. Based on the evidence presented, the analysis crucially assumes that adverbial ziji may adjoin to Topic’, and this adjunction leads to the effect that the subsequent exhaustification is done over a set of alternative propositions that vary in topics. In such a case, alternative individuals evoked by ziji do not have to be excluded from having the property described by the VP in question. This makes the assertion of a ziji-sentence in inclusive context possible, and accounts for why intensifier ziji has a disguised inclusive function. By proposing such a unified account of ziji, the paper explains why cross-linguistically intensifiers often develop the various uses observed.

Universal activation function for machine learning

This article proposes a universal activation function (UAF) that achieves near optimal performance in quantification, classification, and reinforcement learning (RL) problems. For any given problem, the gradient descent algorithms are able to evolve the UAF to a suitable activation function by tuning the UAF’s parameters. For the CIFAR-10 classification using the VGG-8 neural network, the UAF converges to the Mish like activation function, which has near optimal performance $$F_{1}=0.902\pm 0.004$$ F 1 = 0.902 ± 0.004 when compared to other activation functions. In the graph convolutional neural network on the CORA dataset, the UAF evolves to the identity function and obtains $$F_1=0.835\pm 0.008$$ F 1 = 0.835 ± 0.008 . For the quantification of simulated 9-gas mixtures in 30 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments, the UAF converges to the identity function, which has near optimal root mean square error of $$0.489\pm 0.003~\mu {\mathrm{M}}$$ 0.489 ± 0.003 μ M . In the ZINC molecular solubility quantification using graph neural networks, the UAF morphs to a LeakyReLU/Sigmoid hybrid and achieves RMSE=$$0.47\pm 0.04$$ 0.47 ± 0.04 . For the BipedalWalker-v2 RL dataset, the UAF achieves the 250 reward in $${961\pm 193}$$ 961 ± 193 epochs with a brand new activation function, which gives the fastest convergence rate among the activation functions.

СРБИ У РУМУНСКОМ ДЕЛУ БАНАТА: ЕТНОГРАФИЈА ТЕРЕНСКОГ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА

This text brings together few areas of anthropological interest, namely fieldwork methodology as well as marginal and marginalized ethnic groups and minorities (Serbs in Romania). Its aim is to present the structures, dynamics and main impressions from field researches in the villages of Romanian Banat (Кraljevac, Čanad, Felnak, Sokolovac, Lugovet and Zlatica) as it was realized during 2018 and 2019 within the project Researching the history and culture of Serbs in Romania. Investigation was focused on the ways of celebrating Christmas, Patron Saint Day and weddings among Serbs in Romania villages. These traditional elements were chosen because of the identity function they have not only for the Serbs in the country of origin, but also for the Serbs in diaspora, and thus consequently for the Serbs in Romania, and they even today (self)define ever decreasing Serbian national minority in the multicultural surroundings.

Results on Martin’s Conjecture

Martin’s conjecture is an attempt to classify the behavior of all definable functions on the Turing degrees under strong set theoretic hypotheses. Very roughly it says that every such function is either eventually constant, eventually equal to the identity function or eventually equal to a transfinite iterate of the Turing jump. It is typically divided into two parts: the first part states that every function is either eventually constant or eventually above the identity function and the second part states that every function which is above the identity is eventually equal to a transfinite iterate of the jump. If true, it would provide an explanation for the unique role of the Turing jump in computability theory and rule out many types of constructions on the Turing degrees.In this thesis, we will introduce a few tools which we use to prove several cases of Martin’s conjecture. It turns out that both these tools and these results on Martin’s conjecture have some interesting consequences both for Martin’s conjecture and for a few related topics.The main tool that we introduce is a basis theorem for perfect sets, improving a theorem due to Groszek and Slaman. We also introduce a general framework for proving certain special cases of Martin’s conjecture which unifies a few pre-existing proofs. We will use these tools to prove three main results about Martin’s conjecture: that it holds for regressive functions on the hyperarithmetic degrees (answering a question of Slaman and Steel), that part 1 holds for order preserving functions on the Turing degrees, and that part 1 holds for a class of functions that we introduce, called measure preserving functions.This last result has several interesting consequences for the study of Martin’s conjecture. In particular, it shows that part 1 of Martin’s conjecture is equivalent to a statement about the Rudin-Keisler order on ultrafilters on the Turing degrees. This suggests several possible strategies for working on part 1 of Martin’s conjecture, which we will discuss.The basis theorem that we use to prove these results also has some applications outside of Martin’s conjecture. We will use it to prove a few theorems related to Sacks’ question about whether it is provable in $\mathsf {ZFC}$ that every locally countable partial order of size continuum embeds into the Turing degrees. We will show that in a certain extension of $\mathsf {ZF}$ (which is incompatible with $\mathsf {ZFC}$ ), this holds for all partial orders of height two, but not for all partial orders of height three. Our proof also yields an analogous result for Borel partial orders and Borel embeddings in $\mathsf {ZF}$ , which shows that the Borel version of Sacks’ question has a negative answer.We will end the thesis with a list of open questions related to Martin’s conjecture, which we hope will stimulate further research.Abstract prepared by Patrick Lutz.E-mail: [email protected]

Additive uniqueness of PRIMES − 1 for multiplicative functions

Let [Formula: see text] be the set of all primes. A function [Formula: see text] is called multiplicative if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. We show that a multiplicative function [Formula: see text] which satisfies [Formula: see text] satisfies one of the following: (1) [Formula: see text] is the identity function, (2) [Formula: see text] is the constant function with [Formula: see text], (3) [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] unless [Formula: see text] is odd and squareful. As a consequence, a multiplicative function which satisfies [Formula: see text] is the identity function.

SEMANTICS FOR OBRATNO: A RE-ENTRY INTO A DISCONTINUED STATE

This paper explores the meaning and distribution of obratno, one of the Russian repetitive and restitutive morphemes. We identify three essential characteristics of obratno: obligatoriness of the restitutive reading, narrow scope with respect of indefinites, and incompatibility with eventuality descriptions that entail a result state in the sense of [Kratzer 2000]. We argue that like garden-variety repetitive and restitutive morphemes (e.g., Russian opjat’), obratno denotes a partial identity function with a presupposition. Unlike such morphemes, however, the presuppositional content of obratno involves a return to the same state in which an entity had been before. We capture this characteristic relying on [Landman’s 2008] notion of crosstemporal identity of eventualities and the derivative notion of a cross-temporal substate. This makes the repetitive reading of obratno unavailable, forces identity of the holders of a state, deriving the narrow scope effect, and guarantees that obratno is only compatible with target state descriptions.