scholarly journals DNA Profiling from Dentine and It’s Role in Signifying Individuality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1529-1538
Author(s):  
Bansal S. K.
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Partial Identity ◽  
Fast Methods ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Mass Disasters

Abstract: Forensic dentistry is the field which is a combination of forensic and dentistry. In this we go for principles used in dentistry or dentistry forthe use in judiciary. It is one field inwhich we collectthe evidence related to dentistry and analyze them for the purpose of investigation. In a crime scene or a disaster situation a lot of destruction occurs. It becomes important to determine the identity of an individual and we can say it is the identity of the deceased. This study is being conducted based on previous research and literature presented by various research scholars. When it comes to a crime scene where we do not get the victim or culprit but we find the dentalevidence and also in cases of mass disasters, catastrophic events, industrial disasters where identification is necessary if we found the dental evidence, they can help a lot in determining age, gender partial identity can be known through this evidence. Many methods are there to determine identity through dental evidence and also apart from dental evidence we have orthometric methods but dental evidence is found to be more cheap, easy, fast methods. In this we have discussed how DNA is extracted from the teeth and it's further processing so that it will help in establishing someone's identity. Keywords: Dentistry, Forensic Dentistry, Dental Evidence, Extraction, DNA Profiling etc

scholarly journals Image and exposure: Envisioning genetics as a forensic-surveillance matrix

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Erin Kruger
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
The One ◽  
Identification Model

This paper takes the ‘visual’ as the primary subject to engage in a dialogue about surveillance by drawing upon the specific case of the genetic image. Specifically, the genetic image has shifted from the ‘one gene for one identification’ model used in the criminal law to, what are now, categorical, contextual and pattern-based configurations of DNA profiling that are able to compare multiple genetic samples in a singular image. The ability to profile genetics for law and security purposes is, thus, protracting well beyond the confines of the criminal legal domain (i.e. the crime scene, forensic laboratory, courtroom) and into the realm of surveillance: national security, defense, immigration, military and even humanitarian domains. Such a notable transition in visual profiling has also been met with a synonymous reformation in the status of genetic data as it converts from evidence in the realm of criminal law to, now, intelligence in the surveillance-based contexts noted above. This visual reclassification of genetic data reorients DNA to an informing, as opposed to an identifying role. Finally, how experts, scientists, legalists and other relevant practitioners conceive and represent ‘truth’ and ‘trust’ in light of an increasingly diverse range of genetic imagery is subject for discussion.

scholarly journals MANDIBULAR CANINE INDEX (MCI)

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
IRFAN AHMED MUGHAL ◽  
ANWAR SAOOD SAQIB ◽  
FARIDA MANZUR
Keyword(s):  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Sexual Identification ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Disasters

Introduction: Dental evidence is valuable in identification of individuals, especially following mass disasters; estimation of age at death of skeletonised remains and establishing guilt in cases of criminal injury by biting. Mandibular canines are found to exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism amongst all teeth. Objective: To investigate the accuracy with which gender can be differentiated by using the mandibular canine index in the Punjabi – Pakistani population. Setting: Independent Medical College and Punjab Medical College,  aisalabad. Period: Dec. 2008 to Dec. 2009. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 200 students, between the age group of 18-25 years, randomly sampled with informed consent (Through 3rd party). Mandibular canine width and intercanine distance were measured with the help of Vernier caliper after observing aseptic conditions. Mandibular canine index was calculated and the observed MCI was compared with the standard MCI value. The data was then analyzed using student’s “t” test. Results: No significant statistical difference was noted between the right and left mandibular canines amongst males and females (same sex) but when comparing between males and females, there was highly statistical significant difference (P < 0.001). The calculated standard MCI for canines of males and females found to be 0.2504. With these calculations we could predict sex correctly at 75.97% in this study (Male: 71.67% and Female: 78.72%). Conclusion: MCI is a quick and reliable method for sexual identification when a standard for the population is available. With these calculations, we could predict the sex correctly at 75.97 % in this study. This method can be used as adjunct to other available tools for sex determination. DNA studies can reveal sex accurately.Availability of comprehensive database with “NADRA” can also be used as adjunct to “MCI” to enhance the accuracy in determination of sex and identity of the person in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Human identification from washed blood stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğba Ünsal Sapan ◽  
Işıl Tuna Erdoğan ◽  
Sevil Atasoy
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Nylon Fabric ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract Background Among the physical evidence, bloodstain is one of the most common biological pieces of evidence at the crime scene, especially in violent crimes. Bloodstains are frequently seen at the crime scene and can be easily detected due to their color and structure. Because blood and bloodstains can potentially be evidence of a crime, offenders often tend to clean or wash them to get rid of relevant evidence. Some researchers think that washed bloodstains cannot obtain enough quality DNA for DNA profiling. However, some studies have shown that bloodstains on a piece of fabric can be used for DNA profiling even after washing. This study, it is aimed to determine whether a sufficient amount of DNA can be obtained for DNA profiling used for forensic purposes from blood-stained nylon and cotton fabrics washed at different temperatures such as 40 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C. Results In this study, bloodstains were created on cotton and nylon fabrics in a representative crime scene. After washing with laundry detergent at 40 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C was performed, studies were conducted in order to make bloodstains visible and obtain DNA for genetic profiling. The result is that more DNA is lost due to easy exposure to external factors in the non-absorbent nylon fabric type compared to the absorbent cotton fabric. Moreover, the rates of obtaining DNA from bloodstains on different types of fabrics washed at several temperatures are shown in this study. Conclusions It was determined that while a sufficient amount of DNA for the forensic genetic profiling can be obtained from cotton and nylon fabrics washed at 40 and 60 °C, a sufficient amount could not be obtained from the ones washed at 90 °C. And that shows even if bloodstained fabrics are washed at 60 °C, the fabrics still can be considered as physical evidence of the crime and can be associated with the scene, perpetrator and victim triangle.

DNA Profiling and forensic dentistry – A review of the recent concepts and trends

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Manjunath ◽  
B.R. Chandrashekar ◽  
Melkundi Mahesh ◽  
R.M. Vatchala Rani
Keyword(s):  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Forensic Dentistry

scholarly journals Empirical approaches to improving the use of DNA in crime scene investigative practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Paul A Smith ◽  
Simon Mound ◽  
Natasha Brown ◽  
Roxy Leonard ◽  
Carolyn Lovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Forensic Service ◽  
Collaborative Team ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Crime Scenes

This article reports on a collaborative project that explored the targeted use of swabbing evidence sources which, up until now, have not been routinely recovered or utilised for DNA analysis. All genres of the forensic portfolio have undergone significant changes driven by economic, political and technological influencers, which have resulted in an array of interpretations on its frontline delivery, often based on local requirements. The approach reported here pertains to a research project bringing together a collaborative team of researchers, representing practitioners and academics, working in conjunction with forensic service providers. The project reviewed the process of swabbing glove marks at crime scenes, comparing the methods used with DNA profiling outcomes. The findings showed significant benefits in regards to DNA outcomes, providing six detections over a four-month period that were attributable to the swabbing of the glove marks. Furthermore, the study provided key data to guide practice and crime scene methods to meet new operational requirements.

Social and Ethical Issues in the Use of Familial Searching in Forensic Investigations: Insights from Family and Kinship Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Haimes
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mass Disasters

Since its origins in the mid-1980s, DNA profiling has become the most powerful tool for identification in contemporary society. Practitioners have deployed it to determine parentage, verify claims to identity in various civil contexts, identify bodies in wars and mass disasters, and infer the identity of individuals who have left biological traces at crime scenes. Thus DNA profiling can be used to implicate or exonerate individuals from participation in particular social relations and activities; this affords it a growing importance in major social institutions such as the family, the criminal justice system, immigration services, and health services. There are key state, security, civil liberty, personal, and commercial considerations surrounding the reliability and social implications of DNA profiling in establishing the identities of “family members,” “claimants,” “customers,” “suspects,” and “citizens.”Given that DNA profiling is increasingly influential in forensic inquiries, the recently-developed practice in the UK of “familial searching” of DNA databases has the potential to become a significant aspect of investigations.

Inconsistency in Dental Evidence

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Single Method ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Mass Disasters

Dental evidence has been proved to be the most useful single method of confirming identity, especially in mass disasters, but its usefulness is being compromised by inaccuracies in charting. These may be no more than an inconvenience, but they may make identification difficult. This paper describes three cases in which errors in charting caused some difficulty during forensic examinations of bodies, and delayed the identification of these victims.

scholarly journals Interpretation of DNA data within the context of UK forensic science — evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Puch-Solis ◽  
Susan Pope
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Forensic Dna Profiling ◽  
The Uk

Forensic DNA provides a striking contribution to the provision of justice worldwide. It has proven to be crucial in the investigative phase of an unsolved crime where a suspect needs to be identified, e.g. from a DNA database search both nationally and internationally. It is also a powerful tool in the assignment of evidential weight to the comparison of a profile of a person of interest and a crime scene profile. The focus of this document is the evaluation of autosomal profiles for criminal trials in the UK. A separate review covers investigation and evaluation of Y-STR profiles, investigation using autosomal profiles, kinship analysis, body identification and Forensic Genetic Genealogy investigations. In less than 40 years, forensic DNA profiling has developed from a specialist technique to everyday use. Borrowing on advances in genome typing technology, forensic DNA profiling has experienced a substantial increase in its sensitivity and informativeness. Alongside this development, novel interpretation methodologies have also been introduced. This document describes the state of the art and future advances in the interpretation of forensic DNA data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document