Palynological assessment of the atmosphere in the city of Cherepovets

The article presents the results of the study of aeropalinological spectra of the city of Cherepovets (59 ° 07′59 ″ N, 37 ° 53′59 ″ E), carried out during the growing season 2014-2015. The method of gravimetric sampling was used (Durham’s pollen trap). Data was obtained on 22 taxa and the dynamics of dusting of various palynomorphs; the dominant taxa of palinospectrum were identified, as well as non-pollen palynomorphs in the air. It is shown that Betula pollen grains prevail in the atmosphere of the city. The pollen of woody plants occupies 80% of the total spectrum, and the pollen of herbaceous plants – 20%. Seasonal highs are recorded twice: in May and in late June – early July. This information must be taken into account when accompanying patients with hay fever.

The impact of light spectral composition on the in vitro growth of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) plants

Relevance. Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an annual herbaceous plant whose essential oil and extracts are used in medicine, perfumery and the food industry.Methods. The article presents the results of studying the effect of the ratio of blue (BL) and red light (RL) in the total spectrum of LED lamps on the morphometric parameters of plants of summer savory varieties Gnom and Perechny aromat in vitro. For in vitro culture, seeds were sterilized with 5% NaCl solution for 10 minutes, placed in Petri dishes with Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS). Aseptic seedlings at the age of 4-5 days were transplanted into tubes and transferred to racks with LED lamps (for 28 days): (1) from 1st day to 14th day 100% RL, from the 15th to the 28th day 60% RL, 40% BL; (2) 90% RL, 10% BL; (3) 60% RL and 40% BL; (4) 32% RL and 68% BL. The total illumination intensity in all variants was 175 μmol/m2 s.Results. It was found that a change in the RL:BL ratio in the total spectrum affects the morphometric parameters of the savory plants in an in vitro culture. When cultivated under 100% RL, tall plants with long internodes and small leaves are formed, a reduction in the share of RL to 60...32% results in more short-growing plants with large leaves. The results of this work can be used to develop the technology of clonal micropropagation of valuable breeding forms, as well as to create source material for breeding by in vitro culture methods.

HEART RHYTHM REGULATION IN FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS PROVIDING FOR THE POWER STRUCTURE OF TOTAL SPECTRUM

The investigation of the activity of the central and autonomous mechanisms of heart rhythm regulation as parameters of adaptation to the academic activities of students of various ethnic groups has both theoretical and practical significance. The objective of the paper is to assess the role of central and autonomous mechanisms in heart rate regulation in first-year students of various ethnic groups by parameters and power structure of the total spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV). Materials and Methods. The study consisted of two stages and included 120 students (21–23 year of age) of three ethnic groups (Arabic, Latin American, and Russian). The study was conducted in October and April of the 2016–2017 academic year. The Poly-Spectrum-Rhythm software module was used to record a 5-minute ECG. Then the author examined spectral characteristics of HRV parameters for each student and divided the obtained characteristics into subgroups in each ethnic group, taking into account the leading type of autonomous heart rhythm regulation. Heart rhythm was determined according to individual values of voltage index and absolute power of very low frequencies. Results. At both stages, the third type of autonomous heart rhythm (HR) regulation dominated in Russian students. In Arab and Latin American students, the third (moderately prevailing parasympathetic autonomic regulation (MPPAR)) or fourth (strongly predominant parasympathetic autonomic regulation (SPPAR)) types were equally determined. In Latin American students, the first type with a moderate manifestation of central regulation (MMCR) of the heart rhythm was observed at both stages. In all ethnic groups of students with MPPAR and SPPAR of the heart rhythm, the power structure of the frequency components of the total neurohumoral regulation spectrum deviated from the norm. Conclusion. During the academic year, Arab students with MPPAR of the heart rate demonstrated a slight decrease in initially dominant central contour with a pronounced manifestation of sympathicotonia; Latin American students demonstrated increase in parasympatheticotonia; while Russian students demonstrated increased sympathicotonia. In subjects with MPPAR of the heart rate, the initial level of parasympathicotoni, manifested on the background of a high voltage of the central circuit of heart rhythm regulation, contributed to stress development in Arabs and Russians and the adaptation mechanism breakdown in Latin Americans. Keywords: heart rate, heart rate regulation, ethnic groups, power structure of the total spectrum. Исследование особенностей активности центральных и автономных механизмов регуляции сердечного ритма как показателей адаптации к учебной деятельности студентов разных этнических групп имеет теоретическую и практическую значимость. Цель. Оценка участия центральных и автономных механизмов в регуляции сердечного ритма у студентов-первокурсников разных этнических групп по параметрам и структуре мощности суммарного спектра вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР). Материалы и методы. Проведены два этапа исследования 120 студентов (21–23 года) трех этнических групп (арабской, латиноамериканской, русской) в октябре и апреле 2016–2017 учебного года. Используя программный модуль «Поли-Спектр-Ритм», записывали ЭКГ в течение 5 мин, оценивали спектральные характеристики параметров ВСР у каждого студента, распределяя их по подгруппам в каждой этнической группе с учетом ведущего типа автономной регуляции сердечного ритма, определяемого у них по индивидуальным значениям индекса напряжения и абсолютной мощности очень низких частот. Результаты. У студентов русской группы на обоих этапах доминировал третий тип автономной регуляции сердечного ритма (СР), в арабской и латиноамериканской группах в равной мере определялись третий (УПАР) или четвертый (ВПАР) типы. У латиноамериканских студентов на обоих этапах был представлен первый тип с умеренным проявлением центральной регуляции (УПЦР) сердечного ритма. У всех этнических групп студентов с УПАР и ВПАР сердечного ритма структура мощности частотных компонентов суммарного спектра (ТР) отклонялась от нормы. Выводы. В процессе обучения у арабской группы первокурсников с УПАР сердечного ритма исходно доминирующий центральный контур с выраженным проявлением симпатикотонии незначительно ослаб, у латиноамериканской – усилилась парасимпатикотония, у русской – возросла симпатикотония. У испытуемых с ВПАР сердечного ритма исходный уровень парасимпатикотонии, проявляясь на фоне высокого напряжения центрального контура регуляции ритма сердца, способствовал развитию стресса у арабских и русских студентов и срыву механизмов адаптации у латиноамериканцев. Ключевые слова: сердечный ритм, регуляция сердечного ритма, этнические группы, структура мощности суммарного спектра.