atractylodes lancea
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Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
Chuanzhi Kang ◽  
Wang Yue-Feng ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Zhang Yan ◽  
...  

Atractylodes lancea is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant whose rhizome is used for treating complaints such as rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness and influenza. Jiangsu Province is the optimal cultivation location for high-quality A. lancea rhizome. Since June 2019, symptoms of crown rot and leaf rot were observed in about 10-20% of the A. lancea in a plantation (31° 36' 1" N, 119° 6' 40" W) in Lishui, Jiangsu, China. Lesions occurred on the stem near the soil line and on the leaves (Fig. 1A). Disease incidence reached approximately 80-90% by September, 2021 (Fig. 1B) and resulted in severe loss of rhizome and seed yields. For pathogen isolation, ten samples of symptomatic stem segments and ten diseased leaves were collected, surface-sterilized using 5% NaClO solution, rinsed with sterile water, cut into 0.5-2 cm segments, and plated to potato dextrose agar (PDA), and then incubated at 30°C in darkness. Pure cultures of four isolates showing morphological characteristics of Paraphoma spp. were obtained, identified as a single P. chrysanthemicola strain, and named LSL3f2. Newly formed colonies initially consisted of white mycelia; the five-day-old colonies developed a layer of whitish grey mycelia with a grey underside. 20-day-old colonies had white mycelium along the margin and with a faint yellow inner circular part with irregular radial furrows, and the reverse side looking caramel and russet (Fig. 1C). Pycnidia were subglobose (diameter: 5 to 15 μm; Fig. 1D). Unicellular, bicellular or strings of globose or subglobose chlamydospores developed from hyphal cells (Fig. 1E and 1F). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subulin-28S of LSL3f2 were cloned using primers ITS1/ITS4 and LR0R/LR7 (Aveskamp et al. 2010, Li et al. 2013), and deposited in GenBank (OK559658 and OK598973, respectively). BLASTn search and phylogenetic analysis showed the highest identity between LSL3f2 and P. chrysanthemicola sequences (Fig. 1G) and confirmed LSL3f2 as P. chrysanthemicola. Koch’s postulates were completed using one-month-old vegetatively propagated A. lancea plantlets growing on autoclaved vermiculite/peat mixture at 26°C with a light/dark cycle of 12/12 hours. Each plantlet was inoculated with 5 ml of conidial suspension in water (1 × 108 cfu/ml) by applying to soil close to the plantlet, with sterile water used as a mock control (n = 10). By 20 days post-inoculation, inoculated plantlets showed a range of disease symptoms consistent to those observed in infested fields (Fig. 1H). Pathogenicity was additionally confirmed using detached leaves inoculated with a colonized agar plug of LSL3f2 or an uninoculated control comparison (diameter = 5 mm) and incubated at 26℃ in the dark. Five to seven days post-inoculation, detached leaves showed leaf rot symptoms including lesions, yellowing and withering consistent with those in infested fields, while control leaves remained healthy (n = 10, Fig. 1I). The pathogen was reisolated from the diseased plantlets and detached leaves, in both cases demonstrating the micromorphological characteristics of LSL3f2. P. chrysanthemicola has been reported to cause leaf and crown rot on other plants such as Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Moslemi et al. 2018), and leaf spot on A. japonicain (Ge et al. 2016). However, this is the first report of P. chrysanthemicola causing crown and leaf rot on A. lancea in China.


2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
L.N. CHEN ◽  
Y. H. LI ◽  
X. HUANG ◽  
J. DENG ◽  
C. L. QU ◽  
...  

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxian Wu ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Jimei Lu ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Hanwen Yu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxian Wu ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Jimei Lu ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Jin Xie ◽  
...  

Background: Cangzhu (Atractylodes lancea), a valuable and common traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is primarily used as an effective medicine with various health-promoting effects. The main pharmacological bioactive ingredients in the rhizome of A. lancea are terpenoids. Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (AACT) is the first enzyme in the terpenoid synthesis pathway and catalyzes two units of acetyl-CoA into acetoacetyl-CoA. Objective: The objective of the present work was to clone and identify function of AlAACT from Atractylodes lancea. Method: A full-length cDNA clone of AlAACT was isolated using PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed protein was purified using Ni-NTA agarose column using standard protocols. AlAACT was transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leaves to determine their subcellular location. The difference in growth between recombinant bacteria and control bacteria under different stresses was observed using the droplet plate experiment. Result: In this study, a full-length cDNA of AACT (AlAACT) was cloned from A. lancea, which contains a 1,227 bp open reading frame and encodes a protein with 409 amino acids. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis clearly suggested that AlAACT shared high similarity with AACTs from other plants. The recombinant protein pET32a(+)/AlAACT was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells induced with 0.4 mM IPTG at 30°C as the optimized condition. The recombinant enzyme pET-32a-AlAACT was purified using the Ni-NTA column based on the His-tag, and the molecular weight was determined to be 62 kDa through SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. The recombinant protein was eluted with 100, 300, and 500 mM imidazole; most of the protein was eluted with 300 mM imidazole. Under mannitol stress, the recombinant pET-32a-AlAACT protein showed a substantial advantage in terms of growth rates compared to the control. However, this phenomenon was directly opposite under NaCl abiotic stress. Subcellular localization showed that AlAACT localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Conclusion: The expression and purification of recombinant enzyme pET-32a-AlAACT were successful, and the recombinant strain pET-32a-AlAACT in showed better growth in a drought stress. The expression of AlAACT-EGFP fusion protein revealed its localization in both nuclear and cytoplasm compartments. This study provides an important foundation for further research into the effects of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. lancea.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3633-3640
Author(s):  
Pongsakorn Martviset ◽  
Luxsana Panrit ◽  
Pathanin Chantree ◽  
Phunuch Muhamad ◽  
Kesara Na-Bangchang

2021 ◽  
pp. 118854
Author(s):  
Ying-yue Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhuang ◽  
Hui-yang Wang ◽  
Chun-yao Liu ◽  
Guang-ping Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Hongyang ◽  
Daiquan Jiang ◽  
Zengxu Xiang ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Chuanzhi Kang ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: Atractylodes lancea is a medicinal plant used to treat rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza. However, the microbiome associated with A. lancea remains unclear. In this study, we assess the role of microorganisms in the roots of A. lancea in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolites, and investigate the microbial composition of the root of A. lancea.Methods: The roots of A. lancea were inoculated with 10% soil suspension at different temperatures. Thereafter, the biological indices, major volatile oils, chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, and the diversity of root endophytic and rhizosphere bacterial communities of A. lancea were assessed.Results: Soil microorganisms could attenuate the damage of high-temperature to A. lancea and significantly promote the growth and accumulation of volatile oil. A. lancea recruited endogenous plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) from soil, including Burkholderia-Caballeronia-paraburkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Paenibacillus, Bacillus and Rhodococcus. These bacteria were positively correlated with four volatile oils. In the rhizosphere, PGPBs such as Novosphingobium are recruited.Conclusions: Soil microorganisms promote the growth and development of A. lancea, improve the plant’s ability to resist high temperature stress, and accelerate secondary metabolite accumulation. Most importantly, A. lancea could recruit and enrich specialized PGPBs from the soil. The PGPBs were significantly and positively correlated with A. lancea secondary metabolite and soil nutrient content, and can be used as ideal biological material in A. lancea cultivation and quality improvement.


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