nanostructure formation
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Milsom ◽  
Adam M. Squires ◽  
Andrew D. Ward ◽  
Christian Pfrang

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols influence the climate via cloud droplet nucleation and can facilitate the long-range transport of harmful pollutants. The lifetime of such aerosols can therefore determine their environmental impact. Fatty acids are found in organic aerosol emissions with oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, being a large contributor to cooking emissions. As a surfactant, oleic acid can self-organise into nanostructured lamellar bilayers with its sodium salt, and this self-organisation can influence reaction kinetics. We developed a kinetic multi-layer model-based description of decay data we obtained from laboratory experiments of the ozonolysis of coated films of this self-organised system, demonstrating a decreased diffusivity for both oleic acid and ozone due to lamellar bilayer formation. Diffusivity was further inhibited by a viscous oligomer product forming in the surface layers of the film. Our results indicate that nanostructure formation can increase the reactive half-life of oleic acid by an order of days at typical indoor and outdoor atmospheric ozone concentrations. We are now able to place nanostructure formation in an atmospherically meaningful and quantifiable context. These results have implications for the transport of harmful pollutants and the climate.


2021 ◽  
pp. 151909
Author(s):  
V.M. Mikoushkin ◽  
E.A. Makarevskaya ◽  
D.E. Marchenko

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1151-1172
Author(s):  
Alexey Prosvetov ◽  
Alexey V Verkhovtsev ◽  
Gennady Sushko ◽  
Andrey V Solov’yov

This paper presents a detailed computational protocol for the atomistic simulation of formation and growth of metal-containing nanostructures during focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The protocol is based upon irradiation-driven molecular dynamics (IDMD), a novel and general methodology for computer simulations of irradiation-driven transformations of complex molecular systems by means of the advanced software packages MBN Explorer and MBN Studio. Atomistic simulations performed following the formulated protocol provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms of electron-induced precursor fragmentation and the related mechanism of nanostructure formation and growth using FEBID, which are essential for the further advancement of FEBID-based nanofabrication. The developed computational methodology is general and applicable to different precursor molecules, substrate types, and irradiation regimes. The methodology can also be adjusted to simulate the nanostructure formation by other nanofabrication techniques using electron beams, such as direct electron beam lithography. In the present study, the methodology is applied to the IDMD simulation of the FEBID of Pt(PF3)4, a widely studied precursor molecule, on a SiO2 surface. The simulations reveal the processes driving the initial phase of nanostructure formation during FEBID, including the nucleation of Pt atoms and the formation of small metal clusters on the surface, followed by their aggregation and the formation of dendritic platinum nanostructures. The analysis of the simulation results provides spatially resolved relative metal content, height, and growth rate of the deposits, which represents valuable reference data for the experimental characterization of the nanostructures grown by FEBID.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Herzig ◽  
Greve Christopher ◽  
Meike Kuhn ◽  
Oliver Filonik

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-142
Author(s):  
Sahab Uddin ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Shehan Habib ◽  
Kawsar Ahmed ◽  
Tareq Hossain ◽  
...  

Fossil fuels are the most substantial & extensively used sources of energy for today’s world. Simultaneously, the unconscious exposure of toxic pollutants and green-house gases allied with fossil energy is not viable with contexture. Solar energy were treated as an auspicious source of energy from ancient age because of its richness & cleanness. But problem arises in its capture, storage, transformation, and distribution. That’s why scholars are trying to convert this renewable light energy to a user friendly and viable form of energy. By analyzing recent studies on H2 fuel it is considered as most lucrative choice for clean and sustainable fuel with high calorific value & zero pollution. This review offers an overview of most recent advancement in development of photo-catalyst for solar water splitting which is treated as a promising Green-Harvesting technique among all H2 generation techniques. Here we discussed about various catalyst development techniques especially about doping techniques, reactor design and light scattering/trapping systems.We found that among all doping is a promising technique and a lots of study have been done on this technique than others like as Hetero junction, Dye sensitization, modification of surface or nanostructure formation. Hence we concluded with the decision that, more research are needed on hetero junction and nanostructure formation along with elemental doping.


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