HYDROPHOBIC MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR AMMONIA EXTRACTION FROM WASTEWATERS

ABSTRACT Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen - TAN (NH3 + NH4+) in wastewaters cause environmental degradation concerns due to their negative impacts on air, soil and water. Several technologies are available for TAN removal from the wastewaters. One emerging technology is the use of hydrophobic membrane as non-destructive NH3 extraction. In this paper the authors discuss the uses of gas permeable membrane (GPM) and its physicochemical characteristics that influence gas mass transfer rate, diffusion and recovery mechanisms of NH3 from liquid sources (e.g. animal wastewater). Several aspects of NH3 extraction from liquid manure and other TAN generation sources using GPM technology as well as its applicability for NH3 mitigation from liquid effluents and possible recovery as a nutrient for plant growth are also discussed in this review.

Autohydrolysis and aqueous ammonia extraction of wheat straw: effect of treatment severity on yield and structure of hemicellulose and lignin

Pseudo-lignin accumulation in wheat straw autohydrolysis was revealed by relative double detection high-performance size-exclusion chromatography and confirmed by CuO oxidation.

Ammonia as a Byproduct of Waste Heat Recovery of Oven Exhaust

The Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century has introduced chemical leavening agents such as baking soda. In today’s Biscuit and Cracker Industry, ammonia is one of the most common ingredients for the bakery product. According to the EPA, ammonia vapor constitutes about 99% of total emissions from a biscuit oven. Air control equipment, such as catalytic oxidizers, is often installed at bakeries to convert the NH3 to nitrogen and NOx. It is a highly expensive and complicated method of controlling pollution. Integration of waste heat recovery and ammonia extraction processes gives us an effective, non-expensive and more natural solution to this problem. This method can be accomplished by using the solubility property of ammonia for the process of exhaust cooling and condensation with high moisture content.