Author Correction: Error correction enables use of Oxford Nanopore technology for reference-free transcriptome analysis

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21424-9

Difference in the early postoperative change of the joint line convergence angle between opening wedge and closed wedge high tibial osteotomies

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the correction error associated with soft tissue balance in high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and the difference between opening wedge HTO (OWHTO) and closed wedge HTO (CWHTO). Methods A total of 170 knees of 130 patients (85 knees of 68 patients in OWHTO and 85 knees of 62 patients in CWHTO) were evaluated. Anteroposterior radiographs of the knee and full-length leg were taken preoperatively, immediately under general anesthesia postoperatively, 2 days, and 1 and 12 months postoperatively. The femorotibial angle (FTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured. Results The postoperative FTA was decreased from 170.5 ± 2.1° at 0 day to 168.6 ± 2.2° at 2 days in OWHTO (P < 0.05), whereas it was not changed from 168.7 ± 2.4° at 0 day to 168.1 ± 2.8° at 2 days in CWHTO. The JLCA was 4.8 ± 1.8° preoperatively, 4.2 ± 1.9° at 0 day, 2.2 ± 1.8° at 2 days (P < 0.05 vs 0 day), 2.6 ± 1.7° at 1 month, and 2.7 ± 1.6° at 12 months in OWHTO, and 7.1 ± 3.2° preoperatively, 4.1 ± 2.4° at 0 day (P < 0.05 vs preoperative), 3.4 ± 2.5° at 2 days, 3.9 ± 2.3° at 1 month, and 4.2 ± 2.6° at 12 months in CWHTO. Multiple regression analysis showed that preoperative factors affecting change of the JLCA from preoperative to postoperative 1 month were the correction angle in OWHTO (P = 0.001) and the preoperative standing JLCA in OWHTO (P < 0.001) and CWHTO (P < 0.001). Conclusions A significant decrease of the JLCA occurred immediately after osteotomy under anesthesia in CWHTO, whereas in OWHTO there was no decrease under anesthesia, but it decreased several days postoperatively.

Outlier Detection and Correction for Monitoring Data of Water Quality Based on Improved VMD and LSSVM

To improve the detection rate and reduce the correction error of abnormal data for water quality, an outlier detection and correction method is proposed based on the improved Variational Mode Decomposition (improved VMD) and Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) algorithms. The correlation coefficient is introduced, for solving the optimal parameter k of VMD algorithm, and an improved VMD algorithm is obtained. Combined with LSSVM algorithm, the outliers of water quality can be detected and repaired. This method is applied for the detection and correction of water quality monitoring outliers using dissolved oxygen which is retrieved from the water quality monitoring station in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. The result shows that the improved VMD algorithm is of higher detection rate and lower error rate than those of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). The LSSVM algorithm increases the fitting accuracy and decreases correction error in comparison with SVM and BP neural network, which provides important references for the implementation of environmental protection measures.

Sigma overbound for aircraft landing in presence of day-to-day multipath correlation

Purpose The purpose of this work is to obtain an overbounded broadcast sigma from actual (non-Gaussian) correction error distribution under the stringent navigation integrity requirements for aircraft precision approach and landing. Design/methodology/approach Approach is statistically to overbound satellite pseudorange correction error distribution with the use of numerical solution of Fisher-Z transformation. Inflation factors for overbounding broadcast sigma are extracted from Fisher-Z transformation based on measured correlation and counted independent identically distributed (iid) sample sizes of true empirical data. Findings New overbounded broadcast sigma values for eight long-pass satellites were obtained based on measured actual empirical data and ensured integrity risk at 10−8 probability level. Proposed methodology successfully overbounds ground reflection multipath-type systematic and temporal errors sources. Originality/value This paper introduced a new method of accounting for ground reflection multipath for local area augmentation system/ground-based augmentation system navigation integrity. The method is also applicable to statistically overbound any other serially correlated temporal variation in measured data if both correlation values and finite iid sample sizes are known.