Quorum sensing regulation methods and their effects on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems: A review

Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in microbial aggregation control. Recently, the optimization of biological waste treatment systems by QS regulation gained an increasing attention. The effects of QS regulation on treatment performances and biofilm were frequently investigated. To understand the state of art of QS regulation, this review summarizes the methods of QS enhancement and QS inhibition in biological waste treatment systems. Typical QS enhancement methods include adding exogenous QS molecules, adding QS accelerants and cultivating QS bacteria, while typical QS inhibition methods include additions of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria, QS-degrading enzymes, QS-degrading oxidants, and QS inhibitors. The specific improvements after applying these QS regulation methods in different treatment systems are concluded. In addition, the effects of QS regulation methods on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems are reviewed in terms of biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances production, microbial viability, and microbial community. In the end, the knowledge gaps in current researches are analyzed, and the requirements for future study are suggested.

A simple polymerization control method for the air conditioning cluster

Taking the air conditioner cluster as the object, under the condition of individual perception and controllable state of the air conditioner, the cluster state is given a considerable and controllable function. In the analysis of the load model of a single air conditioner, considering the comfort of indoor temperature, the characteristics of on and off are given, that is, the cycle of on time and off time; on this basis, the air conditioning clusters are divided according to the same or similar switching cycles, thereby forming a switching strategy of series and parallel groups to achieve load balance. In the on state, if the adjustment of the power of the air conditioner itself is not considered, a simple aggregation control method is given. The analysis of numerical examples shows that this method is simple and reliable.

STUDY OF THE PLASMA COMPONENT OF THE BLOOD AGGREGATION REGULATORY SYSTEM IN SUBJECTS IN THE EXPERIIMENT WITH 120-DAY ISOLATION INSIDE PRESSURIZED MODULE SIRIUS-19

Citrate plasma samples gathered 31 days prior to, on days 37, 63, 120 in and on days 7 and 14 after isolation (project Sirius-19) were analyzed for blood aggregation parameters including fibrinogen (FBG), D-dimer (DD), plasminogen (PG), antithrombin III (АТ3), protein C (PC) and α2-antiplasmin (AP), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prothrombin time (PT). DD was lowered in all samples gathered during isolation. The complex of isolation factors combined with physical exercise reduced levels of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis. However, after isolation the procoagulent activity showed an increase manifested by elevated DD and reduced APTT. Appears that in the absence of insertion and reentry effects (redistribution of body fluids in microgravity) and high psychophysiological stresses it is the appropriate use of physical countermeasures that ensures plasma efficiency within the blood aggregation control system, and good body tolerance of the spaceflight factors.