Final design of the ITER bolometer first plasma component: cable installation template

The ITER bolometer cable installation template is a first plasma component which main function is to provide a temporary fixation of the mineral insulated cables and to protect them through first plasma operation inside the vacuum vessel until the final bolometer cameras are installed in the second assembly phase. In this paper, the final design of the cable installation template will be presented, the assembly procedures and important functional design details in order to be compliant with its interfaces, the vacuum vessel, the flux loops, the electrical services, the first plasma components and the assembly. Requirements that drive the design will be explained, along with the technical solutions chosen to fulfill them. Important sub-components will be presented in more detail, such as the boss fixation, which will compensate geometrical uncertainties of the as-built boss positioning, as well as the mineral insulated cable holder, which will prepare the electrical termination and facilitate the installation of final vacuum vessel cameras during the second assembly phase of ITER. Additionally, the step-by-step assembly plan agreed with the team of ITER machine assembly and tooling will be described. A custom developed boss welding tool will be described as well. The system load specifications applicable for this first plasma component will be presented as well and an overview of the structural integrity analysis report will be given. It will be shown that most loads on the component are very limited and there is no risk of structural failure or loss of relevant system functions. The paper concludes with a summary of the work and an overview of the procurement and delivery status to ITER.

The deceleration of small charged bodies in a rarefied plasma

The purpose of this work is to create a method for determining the aerodynamic characteristics of fine particles in a highly rarefied plasma. The created method is based on the theorem on the change in momentum imparted to the body. The “body+surrounding plasma” system was considered to be closed; therefore, the change in the momentum of the body is equal in the impulse of the incident flow and is opposite to it in direction. The change in the pulse flux is calculated using the statistical method. To compare the results and approbation of the calculation method, the deceleration forces of a spherical body in a flow of neutral gas were determined. Next, we calculated the drag coefficient from the side of the charged plasma component. The calculation results are presented in the graphs.

Method of the electron distribution function calculation in a problem of the kinetic rarefied plasma plume modeling

A problem related to the rarefied plasma plume of the stationary plasma thruster (SPT) is considered in the paper. The consideration is conducted fully in terms of kinetics, namely, distribution functions are introduced to describe motion of every plasma component. The system of kinetics equations for the distribution functions should be solved in combination with the Maxwell’s equations. The paper discusses methods for solving the stated problem.

State of plasma hemostasis in newborn infants

Aim. To study the features of the plasma hemostasis in newborns with congenital IUI.Material and methods. The observation of 52 newborns with intrauterine infections was conducted. All the children were divided into two groups. The first group included 36 (69, 2%) patients with a severe IUI and the second - 16 (30,8) patients with a very slow course of the pathological process.Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that IUI in children has a generalized form of the course, with symptoms of microcirculatory dysfunction of the internal organs and systems.Conclusion. The study of the plasma component of hemostasis showed multidirectional changes in it in the form of activation of plasma clotting factors, at the same time there was an increase in the duration and time of blood clotting, indicating the development of consumption coagulopathy in this category of patients, whose severity depends on the course of fetal infections and tropism of the pathogen to the organs and tissues. Identified changes in the plasma component in children with intrauterine infections dictate the need for timely adequate corrective therapy.

Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI): A Rare Case after Single Packed Red Blood Cell (PRBC) Unit Transfusion

Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is a rare but serious adverse event of allogeneic blood component transfusion, manifested typically by shortness of breath, a non-productive cough, fever, and hypotension, mostly seen after plasma component transfusion collected from female donors. We here present a rare case of TRALI requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) support after transfusion of single Packed Red Blood Cell (PRBC) unit collected from a male donor. The present case emphasizes that TRALI to be ruled out first in any patient showing acute /respiratory distress within 6hrs of transfusion, with prompt management and notification to transfusion services.

Investigation of the attenuation of the fluxes of the low-energy plasma component of electric rocket engines by the ventilation holes of the unpressurized instrument compartment of the spacecraft

The results of an experimental study of the attenuation of the fluxes of the low-energy component of the plasma formed during the operation of electric propulsion engines (ERE), ventilation holes (VH) of the non-sealed equipment compartment (NSEC) of the spacecraft (SC) are presented. Authors studied the attenuation of plasma fluxes by standard VHs made in honeycomb panels that form the NSEC. A Hall-effect engine of the SPT-70 type was used as a plasma source. The experiment consisted of measuring the plasma concentration at the inlet and outlet of the VH. The concentration at the inlet was measured with a flat Langmuir probe, and at the outlet with a Faraday probe, which allows collecting all ions passing through the VH. The aim of the work was to study the weakening of the fluxes of the lowenergy component of the EJE plasma when passing through the VH in the honeycomb-nels that form the NSEC. Based on the experimental data, a semi-empirical model was constructed that describes the dependence of the attenuation coefficient of plasma flows on the geometric parameters of the vent-holes. It has been established that a vent-holes of this design attenuates the plasma flows by 102 ... 104 times. The largest contribution to the weakening of plasma fluxes is made by the honeycomb filler, which is due to the recombination of ions during their collision with the channel walls. Taking into account the attenuation of the fluxes of the low-energy component of the plasma of electric rocket engines by ventilation holes is a key stage in assessing the effect of plasma on the power on-board equipment of spacecraft and should be used by spacecraft developers when analyzing the resistance to this factor.

On the simultaneous generation of radio and soft X-ray emission by AXP 4U 0142+61

In the present paper we study the possibility of a simultaneous generation of radio waves and soft X-rays by means of the quasi-linear diffusion (QLD) in the anomalous pulsar AXP 4U 0142+61. Considering the magnetosphere composed of the so-called beam component and the plasma component respectively, we argue that the frozen-in condition will inevitably lead to the generation of the unstable cyclotron waves. These waves, via the QLD, will in turn influence the particle distribution function, leading to certain values of the pitch angles, thus to an efficient synchrotron mechanism, producing soft X-ray photons. We show that for physically reasonable parameters of magnetospheric plasma, the QLD can provide generation of radio waves in the following interval 40 MHz - 111 MHz connected to soft X-rays for the domain 0.3 keV - 1.4 keV.

STUDY OF THE PLASMA COMPONENT OF THE BLOOD AGGREGATION REGULATORY SYSTEM IN SUBJECTS IN THE EXPERIIMENT WITH 120-DAY ISOLATION INSIDE PRESSURIZED MODULE SIRIUS-19

Citrate plasma samples gathered 31 days prior to, on days 37, 63, 120 in and on days 7 and 14 after isolation (project Sirius-19) were analyzed for blood aggregation parameters including fibrinogen (FBG), D-dimer (DD), plasminogen (PG), antithrombin III (АТ3), protein C (PC) and α2-antiplasmin (AP), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prothrombin time (PT). DD was lowered in all samples gathered during isolation. The complex of isolation factors combined with physical exercise reduced levels of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis. However, after isolation the procoagulent activity showed an increase manifested by elevated DD and reduced APTT. Appears that in the absence of insertion and reentry effects (redistribution of body fluids in microgravity) and high psychophysiological stresses it is the appropriate use of physical countermeasures that ensures plasma efficiency within the blood aggregation control system, and good body tolerance of the spaceflight factors.

Discovery of recombining plasma associated with the candidate supernova remnant G189.6+3.3 with Suzaku

We present the results of an X-ray spectral analysis of the northeast region of the candidate supernova remnant G189.6+3.3 with Suzaku. K-shell lines from highly ionized Ne, Mg, Si, and S were detected in the spectrum for the first time. In addition, a radiative recombining continuum (RRC) from He-like Si was clearly seen near 2.5 keV. This detection of an RRC reveals for the first time that G189.6+3.3 possesses an X-ray-emitting recombining plasma (RP). The extracted X-ray spectrum in the 0.6–10.0 keV energy band is well fitted with a model consisting of a collisional ionization equilibrium plasma component (associated with the interstellar medium) and an RP component (associated with the ejecta). The spectral feature shows that G189.6+3.3 is most likely to be a middle-aged SNR with an RP.