Analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions II Gene and Morphology of Paragonimus From Yunnan Province, China

For a long time, there is no clear-cut to identify some species of paragonimus in Yunnan Province, China. This paper involved the distribution of Paragonimus in Jinping country and Baoshan city, Yunnan province. In this experiment, the metacercariae, excysted metacercariae, eggs, adult worms were obtained from different hosts were observed and measured. Cats have been described as the appropriate definitive host of paragonimus sp., which are closed to P. cheni according to morphology. Especially the ovaries of adult worms are few and has no third branches. With SEM observation, their spines in the surface are single, a sharp-pointed knife or half-moon in shape and the end of a few of spines are bifurcate. While the clustered sequences strains of this study in the ITS2 tree clustered of Yunan is out sider of P. skirjabini complex and have the genetically greater distances than other isolates of the P. skrjabini complex. Therefore, the Paragonimus sp. of this study from Jinping County and Baoshan city are the same subspecies of P. skrjabini complex.

Lithobieae and Eriocnemeae: two new Neotropical tribes of Melastomataceae

Several genera in the Melastomataceae mostly endemic to southeastern Brazil have not been assessed for their tribal placement in a phylogenetic context. Most workers have placed the monotypic diminutive herb Lithobium in the Microlicieae, but some classifications have assigned it to either the Sonerileae or Bertolonieae. Another monotypic genus, Eriocnema, has been included in the Bertolonieae, Sonerileae, or Microlicieae. Physeterostemon contains five species, and has not previously been assigned to any tribe. Ochthephilus, a monotypic genus endemic to Guyana, was assigned to the Merianieae, but lack of fruit and seed data, and a paucity of collections, have impeded phylogenetic assessment. To assess the placement of these genera, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 91 species representing 73 genera from across the Melastomataceae, including 24 of the 27 putative close relatives of Lithobium, Eriocnema, Ochthephilus, and Physeterostemon and seven gene regions, i.e., the nuclear ribosomal external and internal transcribed spacer regions, and the plastid regions accD-psaI, ndhF, psbK-psbL, rbcL, and rpl16. Lithobium groups as sister to a clade comprising all non-Olisbeoideae, Pternandreae, Henrietteeae, and Astronieae tribes. A new tribe, Lithobieae, is thus created to accommodate this placement. The capsular-fruited Eriocnema, Ochthephilus, and Physeterostemon form a clade that is sister to the berry-fruited Miconieae and widely separated from tribes with which they have been associated in historical classifications. Thus another new tribe, Eriocnemeae, is created. Lectotypes are designated for E. acaulis and L. cordatum.

Isolation and molecular identification of laccase-producing saprophytic/phytopathogenic mushroom-forming fungi from various ecosystems in Michoacán State, Mexico

The aim of this study was isolation and molecular identification of laccase-producing saprophytic/phytopathogen Basidiomycetes species from different geographic regions with dominant vegetation of <em>Pinus</em>, <em>Abies</em>, and <em>Quercus</em> spp. in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. Soil samples and visible mycelial aggregates were collected for fungal isolations. Soil samples were processed using a soil particle washing technique, where a selective Ascomycetes inhibitor and guaiacol, as an indicator of saprophytic Basidiomycetes growth, were used. Most of the isolates were obtained from samples collected in Parque Nacional, José Ma. Morelos (Km 23), Charo, Michoacán, Mexico. Based on sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS4) with respect to reference taxa, identification of saprophytic/phytopathogen Basidiomycetes species was carried out. In total, 15 isolates from 12 genera (i.e., <em>Bjerkandera</em>, <em>Coriolopsis</em>, <em>Ganoderma</em>, <em>Hexagonia</em>, <em>Irpex</em>, <em>Limonomyces</em>, <em>Psathyrella</em>, <em>Peniophora</em>, <em>Phlebia</em>, <em>Phlebiopsis</em>, <em>Trametes</em>, and <em>Trichaptum</em>) and one species from family Corticiaceae were identified. This study will be useful for further investigations on biodiversity of soil Basidiomycetes in different ecosystems. At present, these isolates are being used in our various lab experiments and can be useful in different industrial and bioremediation applications.

Suillus foetidus (Boletales, Basidiomycota), a new species from northeast China

A new species, Suillus foetidus, is described based on morphological and molecular evidence. It can be distinguished from other known species of the genus Suillus in having a dry brown pileus, a taupe without ring stipe, decurrent hymenophore which change to greenish blue when exposed and presence of clamp connections.The novelty of S. foetidus is confirmed by molecular evidence from the nucrDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS). Original biotope photographs, line drawings of microscopic structures and a detailed description of sporocarp are provided.