LA ADMINISTRACIÓN Y PERSPECTIVAS EN LOS MINIFUNDIOS DE LA PROVINCIA DE MISIONES – ARGENTINA.

Resumen En la Provincia de Misiones, la evolución de los emprendimientos agrícolas a unidades de negocio de las pequeñas chacras, puede constituir un importante elemento en su desarrollo económico y social sustentable. Una pequeña chacra puede generar utilidades en el plano económico (ganancias) y en el social (beneficios). Para lograrlo, es necesario crear acciones estructurales que contemplen las particularidades de la actividad y la mentalidad administrativo empresarial de los agricultores. Planear, organizar, dirigir y controlar, todo de manera coordinada, son funciones elementales y esenciales proporcionadas por la ciencia de la Administración. El es exploratorio, de campo, descriptivo y analítico, y indaga sobre la presencia de la ciencia en la actividad cotidiana del pequeño agricultor. Mediante un estudio de campo, se determina que parte del problema es la falta de conocimientos administrativos básicos por parte del productor. Estas cuestiones sencillas, como elaborar una plantilla de costos a otras un poco más complejas como obtener rentabilidad, Visión, Misión, estructura, conocimiento del entorno, etc. Las conclusiones dejan abierta las perspectivas de proponer un plan de mejora educativa en el sector con formación en administración y negocios, organización asociativa, aumente sus capacidades para estar en el mercado y aportes al desarrollo regional. Palabras clave: Administración. Minifundio. Agricultura. Educación. Desarrollo Regional. Resumo Na Província de Misiones, a evolução das empresas agrícolas para unidades de negócios de pequenas propriedades pode constituir um elemento importante para o seu desenvolvimento econômico e social sustentável. Uma pequena fazenda pode gerar lucros economicamente (lucros) e socialmente (lucros). Para tal, é necessário criar ações estruturantes que tenham em conta as particularidades da atividade e a mentalidade empresarial-administrativa dos agricultores. Planejar, organizar, dirigir e controlar, tudo de forma coordenada, são funções elementares e essenciais da ciência da Administração. É exploratório, de campo, descritivo e analítico, investiga a presença da ciência no cotidiano do pequeno agricultor. Por meio de um estudo de campo, constata-se que parte do problema é a falta de conhecimentos administrativos básicos por parte do produtor. Essas questões simples, como desenvolver uma planilha de custos, para outros um pouco mais complexos como obter lucratividade, Visão, Missão, estrutura, conhecimento do meio ambiente, etc. As conclusões deixam abertas as perspectivas de propor um plano de melhoria educacional no setor com formação em administração e negócios, organização associativa , aumento de suas competências para atuar no mercado e aportes ao desenvolvimento regional. Palavras chave: Administração. Minifúndios. Agricultura. Educação. Desenvolvimento Regional. Abstract In the Province of Misiones, the evolution of agricultural enterprises to business units of small farms constitutes an important element on its sustainable economic and social development. A small farm can profit economically and socially. To achieve this, it is necessary to create structural actions that take into account the particularities of the activity and the farmers’ business-administrative mentality. Planning, organizing, directing and controlling, all in a coordinated manner, are elementary and essential functions provided by the science of Administration. The research was conducted as an exploratory, field research, descriptive and analytical study, and it investigates the presence of science in the daily activity of the small farmer. Through a field study, it was determined that part of the problem is the lack of basic administrative knowledge regarding the producer, such as developing a cost template to others a little more complex such as obtaining profitability, Vision, Mission, structure, knowledge of the environment, etc. The conclusions leave open the prospects of proposing an educational improvement plan in the sector with training in administration and business, associative organization, increasing their capacities to be in the market and its contributions to regional development. Keywords: Administration. Smallholding. Farming. Education. Regional Development.

Transformation Chains, Associative Areas, and a Principle of Form for Anton Webern’s Twelve-tone Music

Much of Webern’s twelve-tone music relies on conventional formal types to structure extended composition and long-range compositional strategy. This article describes how these forms were absorbed into his personal twelve-tone style through an exploration of three entwined techniques. His techniques of serial row chaining and associative organization create a deep musical hierarchy that is frequently navigated by a formal principle of large-scale complementation. The analyses appearing here are drawn from across Webern’s twelve-tone period and are elucidated through spatial representations that describe compositional potential and musical realization. In addition to providing a means for analytical interpretation, the analyses reveal how Webern’s fusion of form and twelve-tone technique resemble characteristics of the tonal system while amplifying basic axioms of serial composition.

Associative organization of nursing: struggles for the social recognition of the profession (1943-1946)

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the circumstances that determine the creation of the Brazilian Association of Graduate Nurses of the Federal District Section and analyze its implications for the reorganization of the field of nursing. Method: Qualitative, socio-historical, documentary study. The analysis generated the following category: Creation of a new group to guarantee unity: Brazilian Association of Graduate Nurses in the Federal District Section. Results: The economic crisis resulting from the Second World War, the creation of the Paulista Association of Graduate Nurses and the increase in the number of Schools of Nursing in the country were decisive for the Brazilian Association of Graduate Nurses to reformulate its statute as to guarantee its unit. Final considerations: The creation of the Federal District Section consisted of one of the strategies of the Association to reorganize the field of nursing, in order to ensure the recognition of the profession by the society.

The ‘promise’ of three methods of word association analysis to L2 lexical research

The present study is an attempt to empirically test and compare the results of three methods of word association (WA) analysis. Two of the methods – namely, associative commonality and nativelikeness, and lexico-syntactic patterns of associative organization – have been traditionally used in both first language (L1) and second language (L2) associative research and the third one – collocational aspect of associative responses – is a more recent perspective on associative connections. The central assumption behind the study is that each method captures a different aspect of language users’ lexical organization and, in that, their findings may paint a different picture of how the L1 and L2 lexicons compare as proficiency increases. At the same time, the sensitivity of each method to reflect differences related to proficiency may also point to their potential as a research and assessment tool. Three equal size groups of participants ( N = 180) at different proficiency levels – native speakers (NSs), second language (L2) advanced and intermediate learners of English – completed a familiarity and a WA test in writing. The tests contained 36 items equated for lexical class (nouns, verbs, and adjectives) and frequency of occurrence (high, mid, and low). The participants’ WAs generated to familiar vocabulary were analysed in three different ways, following the methods of analysis practiced by each of the three traditions under investigation. In the main, the results showed that examining the lexico-syntactic patterns of associative organization as well as the collocational aspect of associative links are two more ‘promising’ ways of looking at WAs than examining them with respect to their nativelike associative commonality.

Heuristically Evaluating Web-Based ODL

The rapid establishment of third-generation distance learning environments, the so-called Web-based or tele-teaching environments, is nowadays a fact. The main means for the delivery of this new educational approach is the World Wide Web, and there are some good reasons for its use, such as its easy accessibility by many groups of learners. It also supports multiple representations of educational material and various ways of storing and structuring this information, as well as being powerful and easy to use as a publishing medium. Additionally, it has been widely accepted that the hyper-medial structure of the Web can support learning. Some researchers characterize the Web as an active learning environment that supports creativity. In addition to this, the Web encourages the exploration of knowledge and browsing, behaviors strongly related to learning. The associative organization of information in the Web is similar to that of human memory, and the process of information retrieval from the Web presents similarities to human cognitive activities (Tselios, Avouris, Dimitracopoulou, & Daskalaki, 2001).

Heuristically Evaluating Web-Based ODL

The rapid establishment of third-generation distance learning environments, the so-called Web-based or tele-teaching environments, is nowadays a fact. The main means for the delivery of this new educational approach is the World Wide Web, and there are some good reasons for its use, such as its easy accessibility by many groups of learners. It also supports multiple representations of educational material and various ways of storing and structuring this information, as well as being powerful and easy to use as a publishing medium. Additionally, it has been widely accepted that the hyper-medial structure of the Web can support learning. Some researchers characterize the Web as an active learning environment that supports creativity. In addition to this, the Web encourages the exploration of knowledge and browsing, behaviors strongly related to learning. The associative organization of information in the Web is similar to that of human memory, and the process of information retrieval from the Web presents similarities to human cognitive activities (Tselios, Avouris, Dimitracopoulou, & Daskalaki, 2001).