TRAVELERS’ MOTIVATIONS TO TRAVEL ABROAD DURING COVID 19 OUTBREAK

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to know the impact of Covid 19 to travel desire of those Indonesian travelers to travel abroad. Research methods: This study used mix methods to give details on the data which was produced by the media related to this corona virus or more recently popular as Covid 19. The data has been gathered in the form of numbers and tables about the spread of Covid 19 over the world, about the victims infected by this virus over the last three months, as well as about the direct impact on the tourism sector for Indonesian travelers to travel abroad. Then, the data has explained descriptively in order to get deeper understanding about Covid 19 facts and travel impact towards Indonesian travelers. Results and discussions: The result showed that the spreading has happened almost in the entire world with most infected area is around Asia and Europe with the total case of 245,612. The death victims are 10,048 people and the survivors are 88,437 people. The data statistics are also showed for about 78% Indonesian travelers chose to cancel and reschedule their travel plans to abroad as well as 22% of them still have no idea what to do with their future trip. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Covid 19 has hit the tourism sector in Indonesia

Carbon Footprint of Academic Air Travel: A Case Study in Switzerland

Relatively low travel costs and abundant opportunities for research funding in Switzerland and other developed countries allow researchers large amounts of international travel and collaborations, leading to a substantial carbon footprint. Increasing willingness to tackle this issue, in combination with the desire of many academic institutions to become carbon-neutral, calls for an in-depth understanding of academic air travel. In this study, we quantified and analyzed the carbon footprint of air travel by researchers from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) from 2014 to 2016, which is responsible for about one third of EPFL’s total CO2 emissions. We find that the air travel impact of individual researchers is highly unequally distributed, with 10% of the EPFL researchers causing almost 60% of the total emissions from EPFL air travel. The travel footprint increases drastically with researcher seniority, increasing 10-fold from PhD students to professors. We found that simple measures such as restricting to economy class, replacing short trips by train and avoiding layovers already have the potential to reduce emissions by 36%. These findings can help academic institutions to implement travel policies which can mitigate the climate impact of their air travel.

A novel metric for responding to transport inequality

Analysis of English data on personal travel provides new insights into the distributional implications of personal travel: not only do poorer people pay more in relative terms per unit distance for their travel; they also travel substantially more slowly than wealthier travellers. This implies that, in order to be useful to policy makers concerned about transport inequality, any measure of the costs borne by individuals when they travel must, as a minimum, include both time and relative financial impact. A tendency to omit financial impact is identified as one of several problems with the use of accessibility measures in this context, another being the general absence of individuals’ journey aspirations.In light of the above, an “index of personal travel impact” is defined, based on the journeys people would like to make rather than either their actual travel or centrally-made assumptions concerning “important” destinations. The index is calculated using income-adjusted financial impact and door-to-door journey time. It is made comparable across individuals by using crow-flies distance as the denominator. The formulation of the index is debated and steps toward its implementation discussed. Its potential usefulness in policy making is also briefly explored.

Predicting Travel Impacts of New Development in America's Major Cities

There is a widespread belief that the available tools for predicting travel impacts of urban development are not as strong as they could be. The implications are that cities ( a) may be hindered in developing appropriate travel impact mitigations, ( b) lack good information to communicate to existing residents about potential travel impacts of proposed development, and ( c) with better tools would be able to make stronger policy on the basis of more reliable understanding of development impacts. The most frequently used tool for estimating travel impacts is the ITE informational report on vehicle trip generation. The ITE report contains information primarily on single-use suburban automobile-oriented environments. As travel characteristics are inherently different in urban areas, a wide body of research has sought to create additional data-driven tools to estimate multimodal trip impacts of developments on the basis of urban-context characteristics. This paper compares the estimated trip generation outputs of the ITE and other models to field counts and surveys conducted for the District Department of Transportation at 16 locations in Washington, D.C. The findings here support the widely held belief that existing tools are not well suited to trip generation estimation in urban contexts. The paper is part of a larger study effort that seeks to develop a robust data set of urban trip generation that will be a foundation in the creation of better models.