CISBAT 2021 International Hybrid Conference Carbon Neutral Cities – Energy Efficiency & Renewables in the Digital Era

Preface to the CISBAT 2021 Journal of Physics: Conference Series special issue CISBAT 2021 took place from 8 to 10 September 2021 online and at the Swiss Tech Convention Center on the campus of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland under the heading "Carbon Neutral Buildings - Energy Efficiency & Renewables in the Digital Era". Focused on energy efficiency and the use of renewables in buildings and cities, CISBAT bi-annually offers a dynamic platform for scientific exchange in fields ranging from nanostructured materials for renewable energy applications to urban energy systems. While recent editions have seen machine learning applications for the built environment receive ever greater attention, CISBAT 2021 has further extended its reach to include research promoting circular economy, thus offering insights into a broad range of fields that ultimately have the same target: carbon-free, sustainable buildings and cities. List of Editorial Committee, Organising Committee, Programming Committee, Scientific Committee, Academic Partners, Session chairs, Invited speakers, Sponsors are available in this pdf.

Série de raiografias

"Chernobyl Herbarium": Raiografias - Impressão de pigmento em papel de algodão. Dimensões: 24x36 cm. 2011-em andamentoSobre a artista: Anaïs Tondeur é artista visual. Mestra em "Mixed-media" (Artes mistas) pela Royal College of Arts (2010), e bacharel em Artes Têxteis pela Central Saint Martins College (2008) em Londres. Já trabalhou como artista residente junto aos cientistas do Museu de História Natural, bem como da Universidade Pierre e Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Paris (2015), e no Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Paris (2015). Trabalhou ainda no Laboratório de Hidrodinâmica (LadHyx) na Ecole Polytechnique do National Centre for Scientific Research, França (2013-2015). Atualmente, realiza pesquisa em solos urbanos com antropólogos, geógrafos e ecologistas como parte do laboratório de Chamarande com curadoria da COAL (Coalition for Art and Sustainable Development).Sobre as raiografias: Projeto composto por raiogramas de plantas cresceram nos solos da Zona de Exclusão de Chernobyl, estudada pela equipe da biogenética Martin Hajduch que analisa os impactos da radioatividade na flora. As imagens foram criadas pela impressão direta de espécimes de um herbário radioativo em placas fotossensíveis. Traços de traços materiais de um desastre invisível, essas imagens são capturadas na borda do visível. Compõem o livro "The Chernobyl Herbarium: fragments of an exploded consciousness" de Michael Marder e Anaïs Tondeur, junto a 35 fragmentos de textos do filósofo Marder, os quais convidam a refletir, significar e simbolizar, fazendo um balanço da consciência fragmentada do acidente e, talvez, cultivando outra forma de viver mais afinada com o meio ambiente.

Pictorial Review of Normal Pericardial Structures •

SUMMARYThe pericardial cavity, sinuses, and recesses are frequently depicted on Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR).We here review the normal human pericardial structures as provided by MR imaging of young, healthy subject and CT scans acquired after iatrogenic coronary dissection. We compared such radiological information with cadaveric axial and sagittal sections of the human body provided by the Visible Human Server (VHS), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lousanne (EPFL), Switzerland.

Conversando con... Sol Madridejos

<p>Sol Madridejos, es arquitecta por la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid y, junto a su socio Juan Carlos Sancho forman su estudio S.M.A.O. Sancho-Madridejos Architecture Office. Su obra ha sido ampliamente difundida a nivel nacional e internacional, y ha obtenido numerosos premios y reconocimientos.</p><p>Ha compatibilizado el ejercicio libre de la profesión con la docencia, ha sido profesora de proyectos en la Universidad Europea de Madrid y en la Universidad CEU San Pablo, ha estado también presente como profesora invitada e impartiendo diversos cursos y conferencias en numerosas escuelas de arquitectura como l’ École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), la Universidad Pontificia de Lima, el Massachusetts Institute de Boston (MIT), el College of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University en Shangahi, el OTIS College of Art and Design de los Angeles o la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Bogotá, etc.</p><p>Entre sus obras más destacadas en los últimos 10 años podemos indicar: El Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Alicante, el Centro de las Artes y la Tecnología -CAT- de Segovia, el Nuevo Campus para la escuela de Negocios del IESE en Madrid o el Teatro Alboroujh en El Cairo entre otras. En todos sus proyectos trabajan sobre conceptos surgidos el campo de las artes plásticas y su expresión en el ámbito arquitectónico. Especial atención merece el proyecto de la Capilla en Valleacerón (Almadenejos, 1996-2001), en la que exploran la relación entre el paisaje y el objeto a través del pliegue como generador del proyecto arquitectónico.</p><p>Con motivo de la lección inaugural del master de Arquitectura Avanzada, Urbanismo, Paisaje y Diseño de la ETSAV para el curso 2019-20, tuvimos la oportunidad de conversar con Sol sobre sus trabajos y la importancia que la expresión gráfica cobra en sus proyectos.</p>

Radar and ground-level measurements of precipitation collected by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne during the International Collaborative Experiments for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games

This article describes a 4-month dataset of precipitation and cloud measurements collected during the International Collaborative Experiments for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE-POP 2018). This paper aims to describe the data collected by the Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The dataset includes observations from an X-band dual-polarisation Doppler radar, a W-band Doppler cloud profiler, a multi-angle snowflake camera and a two-dimensional video disdrometer (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918315, Gehring et al., 2020a). Classifications of hydrometeor types derived from dual-polarisation measurements and snowflake photographs are presented. The dataset covers the period from 15 November 2017 to 18 March 2018 and features nine precipitation events with a total accumulation of 195 mm of equivalent liquid precipitation. This represents 85 % of the climatological accumulation over this period. To illustrate the available data, measurements corresponding to the four precipitation events with the largest accumulation are presented. The synoptic situations of these events were contrasted and influenced the precipitation type and accumulation. The hydrometeor classifications reveal that aggregate snowflakes were dominant and that some events featured significant riming. The combination of dual-polarisation variables and high-resolution Doppler spectra with ground-level snowflake images makes this dataset particularly suited to study snowfall microphysics in a region where such measurements were not available before.

High resolution measurements with miniature neutron scintillators in the SUR-100 zero power reactor

Three 1-mm3 miniature fiber-coupled scintillators have been used to perform cm-wise resolution measurements of the thermal neutron flux within experimental channels of the SUR-100 facility, a zero power thermal reactor operated by the Institute of Nuclear Technology and Energy Systems at the University of Stuttgart. The detection system is developed at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in collaboration with the Paul Scherrer Institut. Thermal neutrons count rates were measured along the experimental channels I and II, which cross the reactor at the center and tangentially to the core, respectively. The reactor was modelled with the Monte Carlo neutron transport code Serpent-2.1.31. The comparison of experimental and computed reaction rate distributions showed a good agreement within the core region, with discrepancies within 2σ. An unexpected discrepancy, probably caused by a geometric inconsistency in the computational model of the reactor, was observed in the reflector region of the experimental channel I, where a 20% difference (i.e. 8σ) was found between experimental and simulated results. Significant discrepancies, respectively worth 10σ and 15σ, were noticed at distance, in the lead shielding region, for both experimental channels I and II. In addition, reaction rate gradients across the 2.6 cm and 5.4 cm diameters of both channels were measured. A horizontal reaction rate gradient of (9.09 ± 0.20) % was measured within 2.4 cm across the diameter of the experimental channel II, with a difference from computed results of 2%. The absence of a vertical reaction rate gradient inside the experimental channel I was confirmed by measurements.

Digital micromirror device for holographic and Fourier optics applications

The electromagnetic wavefront diffracted by an object carries information about the shape of the object from which the wave was emitted. Being able to record the phase and intensity of such a wave thus allows to reconstruct the object from the information carried by the wave, even if the object is no longer present. Among the reconstruction techniques, holography plays a big part. However the waves may experience a great variety of distortions on their way from the object to the measurement apparatus. Thus being able to shape the wavefront at will is key in holography. Micromirror light modulators are powerful tools for that matter and are well known for holographic applications. This paper explores the fundamental principles for digitally reconstructing a precise image of an object, but also for digitally correcting an imperfectly shaped wavefront, by exploiting the diffraction properties of light on a reflective surface. The methods presented here have been implemented as part of practical work for 2nd year students at the Ecole Polytechnique (last year of undergraduate program).

VALIDATION OF AXIAL VOID PROFILE MEASURED BY NEUTRON NOISE TECHNIQUES IN CROCUS

Recently a joint project has been carried out between the Paul Scherrer Institut, the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne and swissnuclear, an industrial partner, in order to determine the axial void distribution in a channel installed in the reflector of the zero power research reactor CROCUS, using neutron noise techniques. The main objective of the present paper is to report on the validation of the results against an alternative measurement technique using gamma-ray attenuation and simulations with the TRACE code. For the gamma-ray attenuation experiments, the channel used in CROCUS is installed out of the core in a Plexiglass water tank. The source and detector are fixed and the channel is moved axially to keep the geometry of the source/detector arrangement untouched. This is key to measure the void effect by gamma attenuation due to the low contrast of this technique. The paper compares the experimental results obtained with both techniques, with the outcomes of simulations carried out with the TRACE code. Even though the quantitative void fraction estimations are not consistent, the trends obtained with the simulation and experimental techniques are the same. The discrepancies between the various experimental techniques and the simulation outcomes are related to the heterogeneous distribution of the water-air mixture in the radial sections of the channel.