Improving the Efficiency of Turning Processing of Heat-Resistant Alloys by Introducing Ultrasonic Field Energy into the Cutting Zone

Studies have been carried out to assess the effectiveness of dry processing by the current preparations from the heat-resistant alloy CN45MVTUBR with mineral ceramic incisors with the introduction of the ultrasound-field energy treatment zone. It has been established that the use of ULTRASOUND in the rough treatment of mineral ceramic tools without coolant allows to reduce the depth of the defective layer in 1.5 times.

Simulation Study of Coaxial Treatment Chambers for PEF Pasteurization: A Critical Review

A pulsed electric field (PEF) produces pasteurized liquid foods with fresh and nutritional properties. The treatment chamber is a crucial part of the PEF processing system where a high voltage is applied, producing an electric field to treat the liquid foods. The proper construction of the treatment chamber regulates the distribution of the electrical field inside the treatment zone. Mixing of liquid inside the treatment zone is an effective tool to overcome this heterogeneous effect. The coaxial treatment chamber offers a heterogeneous electric field and temperature distribution inside the treatment zone. A helical insulator inside the coaxial treatment chamber provides a mixing effect. In this research, a numerical simulation was done to measure the electric field in different geometries of treatment chambers at different flow rates. The simulation aimed to optimize the new coaxial treatment chamber design. The modelling findings showed homogeneous electrical field strength in the helical treatment chamber. This study provides new insights for industrial-scale setup using multiple helical chambers in a continuous flow PEF treatment.

The treatment zone size and its decentration influence axial elongation in children with orthokeratology treatment

Background To investigate whether the treatment zone size (TZS) and treatment zone decentration (TZD) will affect the axial elongation in myopic children undergoing orthokeratology treatment. Methods A self-controlled retrospective study was conducted on 352 children who met the inclusion criteria. Axial length was measured before and at 12 months after the initial lens wear. Corneal topography was measured at baseline and at each follow-up after lens wear. The Corneal topography obtained from the 12-month visit was used to quantify TZS and TZD for each subject. Cycloplegic refraction was required for all children before fitting the orthokeratology lenses. Results Axial elongation was significantly associated with age, baseline spherical equivalent (SE), TZS, and TZD with univariate linear regression. In groups with both small and large TZS, axial elongation was significantly decreased with large TZD (both P < 0.01). In groups with both small and large TZD, axial elongation was significantly decreased with small TZS (P = 0.03 for small TZD, P = 0.01 for large TZD). Age, SE, and TZD were significantly associated with axial elongation in multiple regression (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Relatively smaller TZS and larger TZD may be beneficial in slowing myopia progression in children with orthokeratology treatment.

Stress-Strain State and Structural-Phase Transformations of Metal Articles Obtained by Laser Shaping

The article analyses the effect of temperature distribution at different points of the irradiation zone on the nature of leakage of structural-phase transformations. The results of the X-structural analysis are given, which shows the presence of martensite and residual austenite in the treatment zone. The peculiarities of structural-phase transformations during laser heating are studied and their effect on strain value during laser shaping is determined. The results of experimental studies are given, according to which, if the mechanisms for forming the temperature gradient and polymorphic transformations (for 65G steel) operate in parallel, the amount of deformation is one third of the sample for which only the temperature gradient mechanism works (12Х18N10Т steel).

The Treatment Zone Size and Its Decentration Influence Axial Length Grow in Children With Orthokeratology Treatment

Background: To investigate whether the treatment zone size (TZS) and treatment zone decentration (TZD) will affect the axial length growth in myopic children undergoing orthokeratology treatment.Methods: A self-controlled retrospective study was conducted on 352 children who met the inclusion criteria. Axial length was measured before and at 12 months after the initial lens wear. Corneal topography was measured at baseline and at each follow-up after lens wear. The Corneal topography obtained from the 12-month visit was used to quantify TZS and TZD for each subject. Cycloplegic refraction was required for all subjects before fitting the orthokeratology lenses. Results: Axial length growth was significantly associated with age, baseline spherical equivalent (SE), TZS, and TZD with univariate linear regression. In groups with both small and large TZS, axial length growth was significantly decreased with large TZD (both P < 0.001). In groups with both small and large TZD, axial length growth was significantly decreased with small TZS (P = 0.027 for small TZD, P = 0.011 for large TZD). Age, SE, and TZD were significantly associated with axial length growth in multiple regression (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Relatively smaller TZS and larger TZD may be beneficial in slowing myopia progression in children with orthokeratology treatment.