scholarly journals The treatment zone size and its decentration influence axial elongation in children with orthokeratology treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Lin ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Tianpu Gu ◽  
Chunyu Tang ◽  
Guihua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Treatment Zone ◽  
Lens Wear

Abstract Background To investigate whether the treatment zone size (TZS) and treatment zone decentration (TZD) will affect the axial elongation in myopic children undergoing orthokeratology treatment. Methods A self-controlled retrospective study was conducted on 352 children who met the inclusion criteria. Axial length was measured before and at 12 months after the initial lens wear. Corneal topography was measured at baseline and at each follow-up after lens wear. The Corneal topography obtained from the 12-month visit was used to quantify TZS and TZD for each subject. Cycloplegic refraction was required for all children before fitting the orthokeratology lenses. Results Axial elongation was significantly associated with age, baseline spherical equivalent (SE), TZS, and TZD with univariate linear regression. In groups with both small and large TZS, axial elongation was significantly decreased with large TZD (both P < 0.01). In groups with both small and large TZD, axial elongation was significantly decreased with small TZS (P = 0.03 for small TZD, P = 0.01 for large TZD). Age, SE, and TZD were significantly associated with axial elongation in multiple regression (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Relatively smaller TZS and larger TZD may be beneficial in slowing myopia progression in children with orthokeratology treatment.

scholarly journals The Treatment Zone Size and Its Decentration Influence Axial Length Grow in Children With Orthokeratology Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Lin ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Tianpu Gu ◽  
Chunyu Tang ◽  
Bei Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Treatment Zone ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Lens Wear

Abstract Background: To investigate whether the treatment zone size (TZS) and treatment zone decentration (TZD) will affect the axial length growth in myopic children undergoing orthokeratology treatment.Methods: A self-controlled retrospective study was conducted on 352 children who met the inclusion criteria. Axial length was measured before and at 12 months after the initial lens wear. Corneal topography was measured at baseline and at each follow-up after lens wear. The Corneal topography obtained from the 12-month visit was used to quantify TZS and TZD for each subject. Cycloplegic refraction was required for all subjects before fitting the orthokeratology lenses. Results: Axial length growth was significantly associated with age, baseline spherical equivalent (SE), TZS, and TZD with univariate linear regression. In groups with both small and large TZS, axial length growth was significantly decreased with large TZD (both P < 0.001). In groups with both small and large TZD, axial length growth was significantly decreased with small TZS (P = 0.027 for small TZD, P = 0.011 for large TZD). Age, SE, and TZD were significantly associated with axial length growth in multiple regression (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Relatively smaller TZS and larger TZD may be beneficial in slowing myopia progression in children with orthokeratology treatment.

scholarly journals Myopia progression from wearing first glasses to adult age: the DREAM Study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316234
Author(s):  
Jan Roelof Polling ◽  
Caroline Klaver ◽  
Jan Willem Tideman
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Adult Age

PurposeData on myopia progression during its entire course are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate myopia progression in Europeans as a function of age and degree of myopia from first prescription to final refractive error.MethodsThe Drentse Refractive Error and Myopia Study assessed data from a branch of opticians in the Netherlands from 1985 onwards in a retrospective study. First pair of glasses prescribed was defined as a spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) ≤−0.5 D to ≥−3.0 D. Subjects with prescriptions at an interval of at least 1 year were included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 2555 persons (57.3% female) met the inclusion criteria. Those with first prescription before the age of 10 years showed the strongest progression (−0.50 D; IQR: −0.75 to −0.19) and a significantly (p<0.001) more negative median final SER (−4.48 D; IQR: −5.37 to −3.42). All children who developed SER ≤−3 D at 10 years were highly myopic (SER ≤−6D) as adults, children who had SER between −1.5 D and −3 D at 10 years had 46.0% risk of high myopia, and children with SER between −0.5 D and −1.5 D had 32.6% risk of high myopia. Myopia progression diminished with age; all refractive categories stabilised after age 15 years except for SER ≤−5 D who progressed up to −0.25 D annually until age 21 years.ConclusionOur trajectories of the natural course of myopia progression may serve as a guide for myopia management in European children. SER at 10 years is an important prognostic indicator and will help determine treatment intensity.

scholarly journals Factors related to myopia progression in orthokeratology practice: A 2-year follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijin Wen ◽  
Siqi Ma ◽  
Chuchu Xiao ◽  
Shengfa Hu ◽  
Xufang Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Follow Up Study

Abstract The incidence of myopia in adolescents is gradually increasing, and orthokeratology has achieved effective effects in controlling the progress of myopia, but the effects are mixed. The retrospective study included 30 monocular orthokeratology (ortho-k) lens-treated adolescents to explore the true effectiveness of ortho-k lenses and 36 binocular ortho-k lenses-treated adolescents to study the influencing factors of ortho-k lenses. After 12 months, among 30 adolescents treated with monocular ortho-k lenses, the average axial elongation in the ortho-k group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = 0.002). After 24 months, among 36 adolescents treated binocular ortho-k lenses, the axial elongation in the different initial age groups and different initial myopia groups were significantly different (all P < 0.05). Axial elongation correlated negatively with initial myopia during follow-up periods. In adolescents with myopia, axial elongation can be controlled effectively using an ortho-k lens. Younger children with initial higher myopia will benefit more than older children with initial lower myopia.

Skeletal and Dental Correction and Stability Following LeFort I Advancement in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate With Mild, Moderate, and Severe Maxillary Hypoplasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562199610
Author(s):  
Buddhathida Wangsrimongkol ◽  
Roberto L. Flores ◽  
David A. Staffenberg ◽  
Eduardo D. Rodriguez ◽  
Pradip. R. Shetye
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Maxillary Hypoplasia ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

Objective: This study evaluates skeletal and dental outcomes of LeFort I advancement surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with varying degrees of maxillary skeletal hypoplasia. Design: Retrospective study. Method: Lateral cephalograms were digitized at preoperative (T1), immediately postoperative (T2), and 1-year follow-up (T3) and compared to untreated unaffected controls. Based on the severity of cleft maxillary hypoplasia, the sample was divided into 3 groups using Wits analysis: mild: ≤0 to ≥−5 mm; moderate: <−5 to >−10 mm; and severe: ≤−10 mm. Participants: Fifty-one patients with nonsyndromic CLP with hypoplastic maxilla who met inclusion criteria. Intervention: LeFort I advancement. Main Outcome Measure: Skeletal and dental stability post-LeFort I surgery at a 1-year follow-up. Results: At T2, LeFort I surgery produced an average correction of maxillary hypoplasia by 6.4 ± 0.6, 8.1 ± 0.4, and 10.7 ± 0.8 mm in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was a mean relapse of 1 to 1.5 mm observed in all groups. At T3, no statistically significant differences were observed between the surgical groups and controls at angle Sella, Nasion, A point (SNA), A point, Nasion, B point (ANB), and overjet outcome measures. Conclusions: LeFort I advancement produces a stable correction in mild, moderate, and severe skeletal maxillary hypoplasia. Overcorrection is recommended in all patients with CLP to compensate for the expected postsurgical skeletal relapse.

Effects of Orthokeratology Lens On Axial Length Elongation in Myopia With Anisometropia Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Chen ◽  
Kai-Ming Chen ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Zhao-Da Ye ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Group 1

Abstract AimTo investigate the effect of orthokeratology (OK) lens on axial length (AL) elongation in myopia with anisometropia children.MethodsThirty-seven unilateral myopia (group 1) and fifty-nine bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were involved in this 1-year retrospective study. And bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were divided into group 2A (diopter of the lower SER eye under − 2.00D) and group 2B(diopter of the lower SER eye is equal or greater than − 2.00D). The change in AL were observed.The datas were analysed using SPSS 21.0.Results(1) In group 1, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eye were 24.70 ± 0.89 mm and 23.55 ± 0.69 mm, respectively. In group 2A, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 24.61 ± 0.84 mm and 24.00 ± 0.70 mm respectively. In group 2B, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 25.28 ± 0.72 mm and 24.70 ± 0.74 mm. After 1 year, the change in AL of the L eyes was faster than the H eyes in group 1 and group 2A (all P<0.001).While the AL of the H eyes and L eyes had the same increased rate in group 2B. (2) The effect of controlling AL elongation of H eyes is consistent in three groups (P = 0.559).The effect of controlling AL elongation of L eyes in group 2B was better than that in group 1 and group 2A (P < 0.001). And the difference between group 1 and group 2A has no statistical significance. (3) The AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 1.16 ± 0.55mm to 0.88 ± 0.68mm after 1 year in group 1.And in group 2A, the AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 0.61 ± 0.34mm to 0.48 ± 0.28mm. There was statistically significant difference (all P<0.001). In group 2B, the baseline AL difference in H eyes and L eyes has no significant difference from that after 1 year (P = 0.069).ConclusionsMonocular OK lens is effective on suppression AL growth of the myopic eyes and reduce anisometropia value in unilateral myopic children. Binocular OK lenses only reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye under − 2.00D. Binocular OK lenses cannot reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye equal or greater than − 2.00D. Whether OK lens can reduce refractive anisometropia value is related to the spherical equivalent refractive of low refractive eye in bilateral myopia with anisometropia children after 1-year follow-up.

Comparison of Surgically Treated Large Versus Small Intestinal Volvulus (2009–2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Davis ◽  
Forrest I. Townsend ◽  
Julie W. Bennett ◽  
Joel Takacs ◽  
Christopher P. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Intestinal Volvulus ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Necrotic Bowel ◽  
Small Intestinal

ABSTRACT The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the outcome for dogs with surgically treated large versus small intestinal volvulus between October 2009 and February 2014. A total of 15 dogs met the inclusion criteria and underwent an abdominal exploratory. Nine dogs were diagnosed with large intestinal volvulus during the study period, and all nine had surgical correction for large intestinal volvulus. All dogs were discharged from the hospital. Of the seven dogs available for phone follow-up (74 to 955 days postoperatively), all seven were alive and doing well. Six dogs were diagnosed with small intestinal volvulus during the study period. One of the six survived to hospital discharge. Three of the six were euthanized at the time of surgery due to an extensive amount of necrotic bowel. Of the three who were not, one died postoperatively the same day, one died 3 days later, and one dog survived for greater than 730 days. Results concluded that the outcome in dogs with surgically corrected large intestinal volvulus is excellent, compared with a poor outcome in dogs with small intestinal volvulus. The overall survival to discharge for large intestinal volvulus was 100%, versus 16% for small intestinal volvulus.

Association of polymorphisms in ZFHX1B, KCNQ5 and GJD2 with myopia progression and polygenic risk prediction in children

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318708
Author(s):  
Li Jia Chen ◽  
Fen Fen Li ◽  
Shi Yao Lu ◽  
Xiu Juan Zhang ◽  
Ka Wai Kam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fast Progression

AimsTo assess the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with myopia progression for polygenic risk prediction in children.MethodsSix SNPs (ZC3H11B rs4373767, ZFHX1B rs13382811, KCNQ5 rs7744813, MET rs2073560, SNTB1 rs7839488 and GJD2 rs524952) were analysed in 1043 school children, who completed 3-year follow-up, using TaqMan genotyping assays. SNP associations with progression in spherical equivalent (SE) were analysed by logistic regression. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were applied for computing the sum of the risk alleles of multiple SNPs corresponding to myopia progression, weighted by the effect sizes of corresponding SNPs.ResultsGJD2 rs524952 showed significant association with fast progression (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.59; p=0.003) and KCNQ5 rs7744813 had nominal association (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.67; p=0.02). In quantitative traits locus analysis, GJD2 rs524952 and KCNQ5 rs7744813 were associated with progression in SE (β=−0.038 D/year, p=0.008 and β=−0.042 D/year, p=0.02) and axial elongation (β=0.016 mm/year, p=0.01 and β=0.017 mm/year, p=0.027). ZFHX1B rs13382811 also showed nominal association with faster progression in SE (β=−0.041 D/year, p=0.02). PRS analysis showed that children with the highest PRS defined by rs13382811, rs7744813 and rs524952 had a 2.26-fold of increased risk of fast myopia progression (p=4.61×10−5). PRS was also significantly associated with SE progression (R2=1.6%, p=3.15×10−5) and axial elongation (R2=1.2%, p=2.6×10−4).ConclusionsIn this study, multi-tiered evidence suggested SNPs in ZFHX1B, KCNQ5 and GJD2 as risk factors for myopia progression in children. Additional attention and appropriate interventions should be given for myopic children with high-risk PRS as defined by GJD2 rs524952, KCNQ5 rs7744813 and ZFHX1B rs13382811.

scholarly journals Changes in Corneal Topography and Clinical Refraction Following Horizontal Rectus Muscle Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jeazelle H. Redondo ◽  
Alvina Pauline D. Santiago ◽  
Ivo John S. Dualan
Keyword(s):  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Post Hoc

Objectives. Refractive changes have been studied after muscle surgery in literature but most results are inconsistent.It has been postulated that changes in corneal tension after muscle surgery may cause a change in corneal curvatureresulting in the change in refraction postoperatively. This study investigated changes in corneal topography andclinical refraction after horizontal rectus muscle surgery. Methods. Twenty-one eyes of 13 patients underwent horizontal rectus muscle surgery via limbal approach. Manifestrefraction, cycloplegic refraction, and corneal topography were measured preoperatively, and postoperatively at day 1and weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8. The proportion of subjects with at least 0.5 D change from preoperative measurements and the proportion of subjects that needed new prescription postoperative were also computed. Analysis of the results were done using the Friedman test to identify significant differences among measurements at different time periods with post-hoc analysis utilized to identify specific time periods with significant changes from preoperative measurements. Results. Mean corneal keratometry, horizontal, vertical, and oblique astigmatism, obtained topographically showed nosignificant difference from preoperative measurements. The statistically significant difference in corneal astigmatismin the recession group at day 1, week 4 and week 8 postoperatively was not confirmed when converted to powervectors in both vertical/horizontal (J0) and oblique (J45) astigmatism. Clinical refraction showed a transient myopicshift in spherical equivalent, statistically significant only on postoperative day 1 in the recession group. There was nostatistically significant difference in clinical astigmatism. There was ≥ 0.5 D change in spherical equivalent in 60% inboth study groups by the end of follow-up. The shift in J0 was more than 10% in the recession group. More than fiftypercent (52.4%) needed new prescription for glasses. Conclusion. No statistically significant change in corneal topography and clinical refraction following horizontal rectusmuscle surgery were found. Patients should still be refracted at least 2 weeks postoperatively to check if there is aneed for change in prescription glasses to improve alignment and/or improve vision.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of 0.01% atropine in retarding the progression of myopia in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Qian Hao
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Slit Lamp Examination ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Visual Acuity Testing

Abstract Purpose To investigate the clinical efficacy of 0.01% atropine in slowing the progression of myopia in children and to evaluate the influence of 0.01% atropine on secretion of basal tear and stability of tear film. Methods Eighty children aged 5–14 years with myopia, 40 were randomly divided into two groups consisting of those who received spectacles in addition to 0.01% atropine (SA group) and those who received only spectacles (S group). The remaining 40 children who were wearing orthokeratology (OK) lenses for 3 months were randomly divided into two groups comprising those who received OK lenses in addition to 0.01% atropine (OKA group) and those who received only OK lenses (OK group). Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including slit-lamp examination, visual acuity testing, autorefraction, intraocular pressure, axial length (AL), corneal topography, Schirmer’s test, and tear film break-up time (TBuT), were performed before treatment and after every 3 months treatment. Results During the follow-up visits, evidently better spherical equivalent (SE) control over 3, 6 and 12 months was observed in the SA and OKA groups compared with the S and OK groups. The AL over 3, 6, and 12 months was evidently inhibited in the SA and OKA groups compared with the S and OK groups. No statistically significant differences in Schirmer’s test and TBuT results were observed between the S and SA groups and between the OK and OKA groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in TBuT results between before treatment and after 3 months treatment in the OK group (P < 0.05, paired t test) and the OKA group (P < 0.05, paired t test). Conclusions 0.01% atropine can effectively control myopia progression and axial elongation regardless of combined treatment with spectacles or OK lenses. And 0.01% atropine has no evident effect on Schirmer’s test and TBuT results; however, researchers also found that Schirmer’s test and TBuT results showed a tendency to reduce after treatment with 0.01% atropine.

scholarly journals Results of surgical treatment of fractures of the distal humerus at the Brazzaville university hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Monka Marius ◽  
Ohoya Etsaka Terence Olivier ◽  
Massouama Regis ◽  
Ngatsé-Oko Albert ◽  
Moyikoua Armand
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Distal Humerus ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Ao Classification

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to evaluate the functional and anatomical results of the surgical treatment of fractures of the distal humerus at Brazzaville University Hospital using non-anatomical plates.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective study of patients operated by screwed plates for fracture of the distal humerus at Brazzaville University Hospital between January 2014 and December 2017. The study included 11 patients operated by non-anatomical plates and responding the inclusion criteria. Fractures of the distal humerus were distributed according to the AO classification of Müller and Nazarian. The functional results were evaluated according to the Mayo Clinic score based on 4 criteria: pain, mobility bow, stability and functional capacity.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 8 men and 3 women. The average age was 35 years (range 23 to 50 years). Causes of the trauma were a road accident in 7 patients and a fall in 4 patients. The site involved in the trauma was lateral right in 7 patients and left in 4 patients. The average time to surgery was 7 days (range 5 to 12 days). All our patients have consolidated in first intention. The average time to consolidation was 3 months (range 3 to 4 months). Results at the average follow-up of 9 months were considered excellent in 3 patients, good in 6 patients and average in 2 patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Osteosynthesis of fractures of the distal humerus remains a challenge in developing countries. Our experience shows that surgical treatment of fractures of the distal humerus by non-anatomic plates can give good results when bone stabilization is satisfactory and rehabilitation is undertaken early.</p>

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