Attenuation and Dispersion in Cancellous Bone: Implication in Developing Ultrasound-Guided Spinal Navigation

Background: The purpose of this study was to understand the acoustic properties of vertebral cancellous bone by combining micro-CT scan data and use this as the theoretical basis for ultrasonic navigation with posterior pedicle screw fixation during spinal fusion surgery. Results: Two bovine spinal cancellous bone blocks and two human spinal allograft bone blocks simulated the condition of cancellous bone in the pedicle screw channel. Transmission experiments were performed on them, including amplitude, attenuation and sound velocity tests. Four unfocused wideband ultrasonic transducers were used for the detection, with the central frequencies of 2.2MHz, 2.5MHz, 3MHz and 12MHz respectively. The results were favorable and stable. The amplitude of the signal decreased with depth penetration (p< 0.05). With the increase of frequency, sound attenuation and sound velocity increased (p< 0.05).Conclusions: In summary, the conclusions lay a theoretical foundation for the ultrasonic navigation system. However, how ultrasound navigation will facilitate pedicle screw insertion in spine surgery remains to be determined. Therefore, ultrasonic guided pedicle screw implantation is effective and promising in theory.

Obturator nerve block

One of the forgotten techniques of regional anesthesia is blockade of the obturator nerve, which was performed using anatomical landmarks and neurostimulation. In recent years, ultrasonic navigation methods have gained wide popularity when using regional blockades. The purpose of the review is to present the current understanding of the use of obturator nerve block in clinical practice. The review presents the anatomical features of the obturator nerve passage, surgical and therapeutic indications for the use of its blockade. The technique for performing obturator blockade using ultrasound navigation is described in detail. Blockade of the obturator nerve using ultrasound navigation can reduce the likelihood of surgical complications during transurethral resection of a tumor located on the lateral wall of the bladder, improve analgesia after hip and knee surgery, and effectively relieve spastic conditions of the adductor muscles of the hip.

Urgent diagnostics of musculoskeletal injury: the value of ultrasonography

The article presents a review of literature on the value of ultrasonography in acute musculoskeletal injury diagnostics. The main objectives of emergency ultrasonography are outlined: detection of fractures, large hematomas, injuries of tendons, muscles and nerves, detection of foreign bodies of soft tissues, ultrasonic navigation of surgical manipulations and reposition of fractures. The ultrasound method is highly sensitive цand specific in the detection of long-bone fractures, muscles and tendons rupture, which can make an impact on therapeutic tactic and patient’s routing. Ultrasound diagnostics has become useful for pediatric patients due to its ease of use, mobility and non-ionizing qualities. Ultrasonography of acute musculoskeletal injury will probably be increasingly important for orthopedic surgeons and emergency physicians.

Ultrasonic Navigation for the Treatment of Medication-Related Jaw Osteonecrosis Involving the Inferior Alveolar Nerve: A Case Report and Protocol Review

Dynamic navigation (DN) is a computer-guided technique employed in different surgical fields and recently adopted in dental implantology to improve the accuracy of dental implant insertion. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) often requires the surgical removal of the impaired, hard tissue, trying at the same time to spare the healthy tissue and the noble anatomical structures. A case of extensive bilateral medication-related osteonecrosis, with the symptomatic involvement of the right mandibular canal, was successfully resolved with the use of ultrasonic surgery associated with a dynamic navigation, in order to limit the invasiveness of the surgical approach improving its reliability and accuracy. The usefulness of this technology in the management of MRONJ can be considered in future clinical trials to confirm the advantages and standardize the technique.

LOW-INVASIVE PARATHYRЕOIDECTOMY UNDER ULTRASOUND-GUIDED WITH THE USE OF PERCUTANEOUS LASER ABLATION

Assessment of efficiency of low-invasive parathyroidectomy executed by us under ultrasonic navigation with use of the percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) at 49 patients with laboratory proved PHPT is carried out. Assessment of efficiency was carried out by ultrasonic criteria to which decrease of volume of PTG belongs. At patients essential decrease of volume of the enlarged PTG and lack of signs of a cicatrical tissue on the place of earlier existing PTG in 1 year after completion of treatment is taped. The decrease of volume of PTG calculated according to ultrasonography indicates efficiency of the applied low-invasive option of a parathyrеoidectomy. Ultrasonic criteria of efficiency were fundamental in definition of further tactics of maintaining the patient in the postoperative period.

MRONJ Treatment with Ultrasonic Navigation: A Case Report

Nowadays dynamic computer-based image navigation has become ordinary for hospital-based [...]

Assistance for Visually Impaired People based on Ultrasonic Navigation

The assistance system for visually impaired people has been implemented by using ultrasonic principle to provide navigation. The presented system functions in 2 modes of operation that are obstacle recognition mode and fixed path mode. Obstacle detection mode uses grouping of ultrasonic transceivers for solid obstacle detection and water sensor to identify liquid obstacles by employing a microcontroller. The information about the obstacle is sent to the blind person via a voice mode by using android phone through Bluetooth device. In second mode which is preferably a fixed path mode the person is guided from start point to the end point for a particular path. The blind person can swap between the different modes by using the button present on the cane. Global positioning system (GPS) is used to instruct the person to move from one place to other. The projected system delivers whole direction and defence to a blind person for many situations.

Variants of the Transverse Plane Block and Quadratus Lumborum Block (Review)

Effective implementation of the fast track concept after surgical treatment is impossible without control of pain in the early postoperative period. Regional methods might significantly improve the quality of postoperative analgesia and accelerate patient recovery as a component of multimodal pain therapy. The implementation of ultrasonic navigation in peripheral nerve blockade protocols has significantly increased the efficiency and safety of the blockade. Nevertheless, each method of regional anesthesia has its own indications, contraindications, and complications. The purpose of this review is to help with the right choice of the type of blockade of the anterior abdominal wall, depending on the surgery performed.