Production sequence of Anagasta kuehniella and Trichogramma species.

This chapter provides a technical guide for rearing Anagasta kuehniella [Ephestia kuehniella] for Trichogramma production. Optimal container capacity, inactivation of A. kuehniella embryos, thermal conditions, exploitation time of adult and egg collection trays, rearing problems, and storage and transport were discussed.

Introduction.

More than 235 species of Trichogramma have been described worldwide, 29 of which are reported in Brazil. These tiny egg parasitoids (0.25 mm) are associated mainly with lepidopteran pests and have been released on 18 million hectares, primarily in socialist countries (the former Soviet Union and China). This chapter introduces the rearing system for Anagasta kuehniella [Ephestia kuehniella] for Trichogramma production.

Small-scale rearing of Anagasta kuehniella for Trichogramma production

This book contains 4 chapters focusing on techniques for small-scale rearing of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. in the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella [Ephestia kuehniella]. These parasitoids are among the most widely used natural enemies in the world, and in Brazil are used to control lepidopteran pests in a wide variety of crops.

Small-scale rearing of Anagasta kuehniella for Trichogramma production

This book contains 4 chapters focusing on techniques for small-scale rearing of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. in the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella [Ephestia kuehniella]. These parasitoids are among the most widely used natural enemies in the world, and in Brazil are used to control lepidopteran pests in a wide variety of crops.

Efficacy of Trichogrammatidae Species (Hymenoptera) Submitted to the Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: Information on selective herbicide, including glyphosate that does not affect non-target organisms such as natural enemies, are important in integrated pest management programs in maize. The dose 13.94 L ha-1 of glyphosate was evaluated in females on 10 Trichogrammatidae species. A female of each Trichogrammatidae species was individually positioned per test tube with a card containing approximately 45 Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. For 48 h parasitism was allowed, and later the cartons were sprayed with the herbicide or with distilled water, for the control treatment. The glyphosate showed variable effects for parasitoids. The emergence of T. acacioi females was lower but that of T. atopovilia, T. demoraesi, and T. pretiosum higher with the glyphosate. The sex ratio of T. galloi was lower and that of T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, and T. soaresi higher with glyphosate. This glyphosate was innocuous to all Trichogrammatidae species females based on the classification adopted internationally.

Selectivity of registered pesticides for the corn crop on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

ABSTRACT Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests in corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), in Brazil. Chemical products used in agriculture can be toxic to this biocontrol agent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the longevity, parasitism and emergence of T. pretiosum parasitizing Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), eggs treated with herbicide solutions with the active ingredients (chemical group) atrazine (triazines), paraquat dichloride (bipyridylium) and nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea). Pure distilled water was used as a negative control, and a solution of a product with λ-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (pyrethroid + neonicotinoid, respectively) was used as the positive control. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and 10 replicates. Anagasta kuehniella eggs were stored for two periods after treatment, 24 and 48 hours. These eggs were subjected to parasitism for two subjecting periods, 24 and 48 hours. The results were analysed statistically and classified according to the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Atrazine and nicosulfuron reduced the longevity of T. pretiosum females. Nicosulfuron and the combination λ-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam reduced the parasitism and emergence of this natural enemy. The paraquat dichloride-based herbicide was the least toxic and therefore represents a potential option for controlling weeds with low toxicity to the T. pretiosum parasitoid.

BIOLOGIA DE Montandoniola confusa STREITO & MATOCQ (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) EM PRESA NATURAL E ALTERNATIVA

O percevejo Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq tem sido citado como sendo o principal predador de Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal, espécie monófaga que induz galhas em plantas de Ficus, como a espécie Ficus microcarpa L.f. (Moraceae). Estas espécies de fícus têm sido introduzidas em diversas partes do mundo, incluindo o Brasil, para utilização no paisagismo. Assim, este trabalho estudou o desenvolvimento e a reprodução do percevejo-predador usando o tripes, sua presa natural, comparado com ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) e de Sitotroga cerealella Oliver, empregados como presas alternativas para a sua multiplicação. O percevejo-predador apresentou menor duração ninfal e superior viabilidade quando alimentado com o tripes e ovos de Anagasta kuehniella comparado a ovos de Sitotroga cerealella. A oviposição, no entanto, foi 2,37 e 3,71 vezes maior quando criados com o tripes em relação às presas alternativas Anagasta kuehniella e Sitotroga cereallea, respectivamente. Ovos das presas alternativas permitem a criação do predador, mas com desempenho inferior a presa natural.