scholarly journals RATE OF NATURAL PREDATION OF Anagasta kuehniella EGGS AT DIFFERENT PLANT COMPOSITIONS

Nucleus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Fernando Belezini Vinha ◽  
Eduardo Dias Passoni ◽  
Alexandre De Sene Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Natural Predation

Elevated nest predation risk promotes offspring size variation in birds with prolonged parental care.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Risk Spreading

Predation of offspring is the main cause of reproductive failure in many species, and the mere fear of offspring predation shapes reproductive strategies. Yet, natural predation risk is ubiquitously variable and can be unpredictable. Consequently, the perceived prospect of predation early in a reproductive cycle may not reflect the actual risk to ensuing offspring. An increased variance in investment across offspring has been linked to breeding in unpredictable environments in several taxa, but has so far been overlooked as a maternal response to temporal variation in predation risk. Here, we experimentally increased the perceived risk of nest predation prior to egg-laying in seven bird species. Species with prolonged parent-offspring associations increased their intra-brood variation in egg, and subsequently offspring, size. High risk to offspring early in a reproductive cycle can favour a risk-spreading strategy particularly in species with the greatest opportunity to even out offspring quality after fledging.

scholarly journals Comparative demography of the exotic Harmonia axyridis with other aphidophagous coccinellids reared on artificial diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Milléo ◽  
Francisco Sales Fernandes ◽  
Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Comparative Demography ◽  
Biological Aspects

The objective of this work was to compare biological aspects and life table parameters of the coccinellids Harmonia axyridis, Cycloneda sanguineaand Hippodamia convergens. Insects were fed eggs of Anagasta kuehniella, and reared at 24.5±1ºC, 70±10% relative humidity, with a 12 hour photophase. Hippodamia convergenstook about 1.6 day to complete development, longer than H. axyridis, and 2.4 day longer than C. sanguinea.At immature stages, H. axyridisexhibited the highest survival percentage (49.2%), in comparison to the other coccinellids. For mean adult longevity, H. convergenswas deficient, in comparison with the other species. Mean period of pre oviposition was the longest in C. sanguinea; the longest oviposition time occurred for H. axyridis; and the post oviposition period was similar between the coccinellids. Considering the reproductive parameters, H. axyridisshowed the best performance in all aspects. For life table, the values of H. convergenswere higher than, although close, to those of H. axyridis. Nevertheless, the high net reproductive rate of H. axyridis showed this species potential to increase population size. The biological characteristics of the exotic H. axyridis favors its invasion and establishment in Brazil, corroborating results noticed in other countries.

scholarly journals The implications of vehicle collisions for the Endangered endemic Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Harry Olgun ◽  
Mzee Khamis Mohammed ◽  
Abbas Juma Mzee ◽  
M. E. Landry Green ◽  
Tim R. B. Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Ecology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Roads affect wildlife in a variety of negative ways. Road ecology studies have mostly concentrated on areas in the northern hemisphere despite the potentially greater impact of roads on biodiversity in tropical habitats. Here, we examine 4 years (January 2016–December 2019) of opportunistic observations of mammalian roadkill along a road intersecting Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Unguja, Zanzibar. In particular, we assess the impact of collisions on the population of an endemic primate, the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii. Primates accounted for the majority of roadkill in this dataset. Monthly rainfall was not associated with roadkill frequency for mammals generally, nor for the Zanzibar red colobus. No single age–sex class of colobus was found dead more often than expected given their occurrence in the local population. The overall effect of roadkill on colobus populations in habitats fragmented by roads is unknown given the lack of accurate, long-term life history data for this species. Our findings suggest that mortality from collisions with vehicles in some groups of colobus is within the range of mortality rates other primates experience under natural predation. Unlike natural predators, however, vehicles do not kill selectively, so their impact on populations may differ. Although a comparison with historical accounts suggests that the installation of speedbumps along the road near the Park's entrance has led to a significant decrease in colobus roadkill, further actions to mitigate the impact of the road could bring substantial conservation benefits.

scholarly journals Synthesis Method for Thiosulfonate and Report of Its Insecticidal Activity in Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 15241-15251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson dos Santos ◽  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Paulo Prado ◽  
Daniele Sasaki ◽  
Dênis de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

scholarly journals Bioatividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) a Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) nas gerações F1 e F2

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
José Roberto Postali Parra ◽  
Gilberto Casadei Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

A bioatividade de dezoito produtos químicos utilizados no controle de pragas e doenças do tomateiro, sobre duas linhagens de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (L9=Alegre, ES e L10= Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES), nas gerações F1 e F2, foi investigada em laboratório. Ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) contendo o parasitóide em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (ovo-larva, pré-pupa e pupa) foram tratados por meio de imersão nas respectivas caldas químicas. Os inseticidas triflumuron, clorfluazuron, deltametrina, Bacillus thuringiensis, lambdacialotrina, teflubenzuron, acefato, pirimicarb e ciromazina, e os fungicidas benomil, iprodiona, clorotalonil e dimetomorf, independente da linhagem, não reduziram a longevidade das fêmeas de T. pretiosum da geração F1. Os inseticidas abamectin, cartap, metamidofós e lambdacialotrina afetaram a razão sexual de indivíduos da geração F1, e não reduziram a taxa de emergência de parasitóides da F2, independente do estágio de desenvolvimento e da origem da população de T. pretiosum. Parasitóides de Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES (L10) mostraram-se mais susceptíveis que os de Alegre, ES (L9) aos efeitos dos compostos avaliados. De modo geral, a fase de pupa de T. pretiosum, independente da população, apresentou maior tolerância aos produtos testados. Recomenda-se a realização de novos testes para outras populações desse parasitóide que serão utilizadas no controle de pragas, pois podem responder de forma diversa aos produtos fitossanitários avaliados.

New species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) associated with lepidopterous eggs in Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. QUERINO ◽  
R. A. ZUCCHI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Factitious Host ◽  
A Minor

Four new species of Trichogramma are described: Trichogramma bertii n. sp. from Glena sp., a geometrid of silvicultural importance; Trichogramma esalqueanum n. sp. from Mechanitis lysimnia eggs, a minor pest of tomato and Heliconius erato phyllis; Trichogramma iracildae n. sp. from eggs of Calpodes ethlius; and Trichogramma pratissolii n. sp. collected from Anagasta kuehniella trap eggs (factitious host).

scholarly journals Observations of Interactions between Puma, Puma concolor, and Introduced European Red Deer, Cervus elaphus, in Patagonia

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner T. Flueck
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Large Predators

Direct observations of interactions between native Puma (Puma concolor) and introduced European Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Patagonia are discussed with respect to the absence of evolutionary sympatry. Although the founding stock of European Red Deer had been lacking natural predation pressure for considerable time due to the previous extinction of large predators, these observations suggested that inherent antipredator behavior of European Red Deer toward this novel predator, once detected, was effective and may partially explain the success of European Red Deer as an invasive species. Puma behavior supported the view that they are a generalist predator which opportunistically utilizes new prey species like European Red Deer.

scholarly journals Persistência de agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do milho ao parasitoide Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getulio Jorge Stefanello Júnior ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher ◽  
Daniel Spagnol ◽  
Rafael Antonio Pasini ◽  
Cibele Bonez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella

As altas produtividades na cultura do milho têm sido alcançadas em função de vários fatores técnicos, sendo o controle de pragas um dos mais importantes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a persistência de agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do milho ao parasitoide Trichogramma pretiosum. Foram avaliadas as persistências de sete inseticidas e três fungicidas, os quais foram diluídos separadamente em 200L de água e pulverizados sobre folhas de videira. Essas folhas foram levadas ao laboratório e utilizadas dentro de gaiolas aos 3, 10, 17, 24 e 31 dias, onde permaneceram confinados os adultos do parasitoide para contaminação. A mortalidade dos adultos de T. pretiosum foi mensurada indiretamente em função do menor número de ovos parasitados do hospedeiro alternativo Anagasta kuehniella. Os resultados foram comparados com o tratamento testemunha e os agrotóxicos classificados conforme categorização da IOBC. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições para cada tratamento. Os fungicidas Opera, Priori Xtra e Folicur 200 EC foram de vida curta (classe 1). Os inseticidas Match EC e Sumithion 500 CE foram de vida curta (classe 1); Lorsban 480 BR e Safety foram moderadamente persistentes (classe 3) e Engeo Pleno, Karate Zeon 50 CS e Tracer foram persistentes (classe 4) aos adultos de T. pretiosum.

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