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2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-365
Author(s):  
Sim Hinman Wan

After Amsterdam’s late medieval Catholic monasteries were surrendered to the Protestant government in 1578, four of these properties were converted into an orphanage, mental asylum, and gender-specific reformatories respectively before the turn of the century. Portals with Dutch Mannerist expressions were installed at the principal entrances as a publicly visible feature of modernisation for the repurposed complexes. This essay is a study of these architectural objects and their socio-political value for the city’s philanthropic campaign that affirmed middle-class power. It argues that the portals, completed with narrative relief panels and didactic inscriptions, were a means for Amsterdam’s authorities to redefine the spectacle of social marginality. Once a concrete sight of panhandlers and vagrants occupying the urban landscape, to the general population underclass visibility became an abstract image of civic discipline. Such an image enabled sequestered and disappeared lives to reappear, with a spectral quality integral to Foucault’s analysis of modern society’s compulsion to stow away indigent bodies. Considering the seventeenth-century Dutch moral geography of moderating wealth through philanthropy, such a ‘spectral spectacle’ paralleled the Baroque theatricality of Counter-Reformation Rome as a spatial experience that advanced a more secular mode of devotion to the community.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Spruill

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(Tremendous SAVINGS) Click Here To Get Elite Power CBD Gummies At Very Lowest Price Today Are There Any Side Effects? The body makes the cannabinoid, which stays mindful of the transmission of signs between the frontal cortex and the unquestionable framework. CBD in CBD-based things helps the ECS with giving easing up from horror and work on the got structure. It interfaces with the ECS receptor in the frontal cortex, which makes it especially obliging in managing the clinical issue, for instance, torture, attitude swings, and wanting. End Elite Power CBD Gummies are a carefully shaped thing. It contains a party of flavors that really impact the mind and body. The key fixing is what brings help from pressure, strain, consistent joint annihilations, demoralizing, and unequivocal certain results. The body has a great course of action that controls torture, assessments, and backing. The Endocannabinoid structure, in any case called the ECS, is this development. What are Power CBD Gummies? First class Power CBD Gummies UK are tablets arranged from concentrates of hemp plants. These pills might give help from body torment, consuming sensation, and irritation. They may likewise give better rest quality consistently. You can burn-through these tablets to get alleviation from smoking and restlessness.


Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110483
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Ferrero ◽  
Ramón I Centeno ◽  
Antonios Roumpakis

We seek to disentangle the process through which some democratic polities ‘escape’ from neoliberal rule while others do not. We understand neoliberalism as the resulting equilibrium provoked by the restoration of class power that undermined the pro-labour policies of the post-war period. Why do some democracies enter a route of political experimentation that challenges the status quo while others remain ‘trapped’ in an orthodox neoliberal settlement? Our argument is that for a democratic polity to initiate a transition from neoliberal rule, there needs to be a crisis of neoliberal rule, a compelling alternative willing to contend for state power in national elections, and a reliable democratic settlement that allows the victory of the challenger – that is, the alternative – over the neoliberal rulers. This model will be discussed by examining the following three cases: Argentina, Greece, and Mexico.


2021 ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Umut Özsu

Of all the standard criticisms of Marxism, the claim that it is wedded to a mechanical and deterministic account of history is among the most pervasive. It is also among the least defensible. This chapter argues that Marxism affords an especially strong set of analytical tools for explaining the contingencies of international law. Romanticising the concept of contingency as illuminative of aporia or ruptures—moments of radical uncertainty utterly at odds with the broader social contexts in which they register—risks relegating the events under scrutiny to the status of mutually unrelated accidents, to be lauded or lambasted in isolation or loose association. By contrast, a Marxist analysis of international law, one that is alive to the co-constitutive relations between class power and juridical authority, provides an explanatory framework within which contingencies may be comprehended. My argument proceeds in two stages. I first revisit some of the ways in which Marx engaged directly with questions of law and rights. I then draw upon Nicos Poulantzas’ theory of the state to propose a new Marxist approach to international law. My contention is that the question of law under capitalism is closely related to the question of contingency under capitalism, that the Marxist tradition’s responses to both questions are considerably more nuanced than they have generally been made out to be, and that being a ‘Marxist’ requires commitment not to the view that all contingency is illusory but simply to the view that contingency (like agency) is socially conditioned.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Takashi Kei Saito ◽  
Kento Onodera ◽  
Riku Seino ◽  
Takashi Okawa ◽  
Yasushi Saito ◽  
...  

We designed a new telescopic manipulator that uses a clustered elastic convex tape. The manipulator has an ultra-wide expansion range and toughness against mechanical stress. Compared to conventional linear actuators, our convex-type manipulators have high extension range and are very lightweight. Moreover, they are compact when rolled up. The telescopic manipulators designed in the previous study had insufficient output due to structural problems and were unstable. In this study, we report a Type-K telescopic manipulator mechanism (Makijaku-Ude Type-K), which is a redesigned manipulator that can be easily used with a 300-N class power, and applied the mechanism to a three degrees-of-freedom spatial parallel-mechanism robot.


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