Westernization and Colonization of the Mind in Chinua Achebe’s “Dead Men’s Path”

British occupation in Nigeria has brought several impacts to the native land and also the indigenous people. Westernization and colonization of the mind are two inseparable effects of colonialism. These two issues are oftentimes depicted in literary works focusing on colonialism as their theme. The aim of this study is to analyze the issues of westernization and colonization of the mind raised in Chinua Achebe's "Dead Men's Path." The data were taken from quotes that prove the existence of these issues from a short story entitled “Dead Men’s Path” by Chinua Achebe and analyzed them using Homi Bhabha’s theory of mimicry and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s theory of colonization of the mind. The results showed that westernization and colonization of the mind have affected Michael Obi, the main character in the story. Westernization influences Obi to adopt modern life and Western thoughts that show the process of mimicry, while colonization of the mind makes Obi downgrades Nigerian cultures. The issue of the management of land was also found in the story as a continuation of the previous problems. “Dead Men’s Path” by Chinua Achebe reveals that British colonialism has changed the perspectives of Nigerian elites, as seen in Michael Obi’s story.

Investigating Extra-territorial Human Rights Violations in Conflict: A Principled Disharmony

<p>This paper discusses a sequence of litigation concerning attempts by Iraqi citizens to have the United Kingdom Government investigate their claims of ill-treatment and death by British soldiers during the six-year British occupation of Basra, Southern Iraq. This paper uses the litigation as a foil to examine broader issues arising from the extra-territorial application of the duty to effectively investigate rights violations under the European Convention on Human Rights, an unprecedented occurrence. Specifically, it compares the duty of effective investigation to comparative institutional responses to human rights violations in conflict. These mechanisms have developed a broader set of victim-oriented objectives in dealing with violations and this paper argues the duty of effective investigation is comparatively deficient. It then looks at the manner in which the domestic courts have applied the duty, arguing that the various factors have driven the High Court to adopt a limited model of investigation.</p>

Investigating Extra-territorial Human Rights Violations in Conflict: A Principled Disharmony

<p>This paper discusses a sequence of litigation concerning attempts by Iraqi citizens to have the United Kingdom Government investigate their claims of ill-treatment and death by British soldiers during the six-year British occupation of Basra, Southern Iraq. This paper uses the litigation as a foil to examine broader issues arising from the extra-territorial application of the duty to effectively investigate rights violations under the European Convention on Human Rights, an unprecedented occurrence. Specifically, it compares the duty of effective investigation to comparative institutional responses to human rights violations in conflict. These mechanisms have developed a broader set of victim-oriented objectives in dealing with violations and this paper argues the duty of effective investigation is comparatively deficient. It then looks at the manner in which the domestic courts have applied the duty, arguing that the various factors have driven the High Court to adopt a limited model of investigation.</p>

The British Role in Facilitating Jewish Immigration and Settlement in Jerusalem During the Period 1917 to 1930

The study dealt with the role played by the British authorities in supporting immigration and the Jewish settlement in the city of Jerusalem during the time period extending from 1917 to 1930, the study also dealt with the measures taken by Britain in this aspect since the beginning of the nineteenth century through the British occupation of Jerusalem in 1917 CE, and its issuance of laws and regulations that created conditions for Jewish settlement in the city of Jerusalem. The study concluded that Britain has an active role in pushing the march of Jewish immigration towards the city of Jerusalem and settlement in it.

Egyptian Connections and the Nationalist Press

The chapter narrates the context Fawwaz entered in Egypt, the final third of the nineteenth century, a time of nationalist ferment before and in the wake of the British occupation (1882). It focuses on the little-studied figure of Hasan Husni al-Tuwayrani, who published many of Fawwaz’s essays in his newspaper al-Nil. The chapter considers the gender politics of al-Nil and the more prominent newspapers al-Mu’ayyad and Lisan al-hal in which Fawwaz also published, asking why she might have chosen to publish a majority of her essays in al-Nil, in the period 1892‒4. One likely factor was al-Tuwayrani’s adherence to the long-attested, rule-governed debate genre of munazara, explored here. The chapter also considers the reception through newspaper announcements of Fawwaz’s writings.

TOK KU PALOHS ISLAH MOVEMENT IN TERENGGANU IN EARLY 20TH CENTURY

Many colonial British officers considered the Terengganu people as different from Muslims in other Malay states. They were considered as the most pious among the Muslims in Malaysia. They refused to accept British administration due to the influence of the scholars leadership in their lives. The attitude of the Terengganu people towards the British was due to the influence of scholars efforts, especially Tok Ku Paloh, who launched the Islah Movement to establish firmly the tenets of Islam among the population so that they did not stray from Islamic principles even after they were colonised by the British. He directed his efforts to all levels of society, the common people as well as the ruling class of Terengganu. This research is for the purpose of studying the role played by Tok Ku Paloh in his efforts to entrench the principles of Islam and prepare the people of Terengganu to face the threat of British occupation. This research is a qualitative research using historical study approach. Research finds that Tok Ku Paloh played a big role in implementing islah (revival) to entrench Islamic principles among the Terengganu population both through his own endeavour and his students, especially Sultan Zainal Abidin III who was in ruling power from 1881 to 1918. He succeeded in forming the next echelon of scholars, such as Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong who played the main role in continuing the endeavour to entrench Islam among the people of Terengganu. Scholars were also responsible for organising the reaction of the Terengganu people against British colonisation after the demise of Tok Ku Paloh and Sultan Zainal Abidin III.

The tyranny of strangers: transformative occupations old and new

In the aftermath of the US led invasion of Iraq in 2003, considerable attention was given to the apparent emergence of a new type of belligerent occupation—the ‘transformative occupation’ which apparently challenged the traditional assumptions of the law of occupation. The suggestion here is that, as an examination of the British occupation of Mesopotamia between 1914-1924 reveals, the ‘transformative occupation’ is by no means a new institution, but is one that may be associated with a tradition of thought and practice in which the institution of belligerent occupationwas made congruent with the operational rationalities of colonial rule by re-imagining it as a form of sacred trust. The legacy of that history, it is contended, is critical for understanding the role of occupation law today.