Некоторые контактнообусловленные явления в словенском диалекте долины Натизоне

Some Contact-related Phenomena in the Slovenian Dialect of the Natisone ValleyThe paper discusses some contact-related phenomena in the phonetics, morphology and syntax of the Slovene dialect that is spoken in the Natisone Valley in Italy, a dialect belonging to the Littoral dialect group. The purpose of the study is to establish the origin of these phenomena and clarify the features of their functioning and areal distribution. The data for the analysis (oral speech of informants) was collected during field research in this region. The following phenomena are revealed: voicing of the voiceless dental alveolar s before sonorants; borrowing of prepositions and conjunctions; postposition of adjectives in noun groups; doubling of pronouns and nouns; temporal constructions are used to express dates. It is revealed that the analyzed constructions and items have a high degree of variability: they function along with their Slovenian counterparts. In some cases, we are dealing with contaminated forms (contaminated prepositions, temporal construction for expressing dates). The doubling of pronouns and nouns forms a broken area, and a similar phenomenon is found in the languages of the Balkan Sprachbund. Rezultaty kontaktów językowych w słoweńskim dialekcie Doliny Natisone, na wybranych przykładachW artykule omówiono niektóre zjawiska językowe jako rezultat kontaktów językowych z zakresu fonetyki, morfologii i składni, w słoweńskim dialekcie doliny Natisone we Włoszech, należącym do grupy dialektów przybrzeżnych. Celem artykułu jest ustalenie genezy tych zjawisk oraz opis sposobu funkcjonowania i obszarów występowania. Dane do analizy (wypowiedzi informatorów) zostały zebrane podczas badań terenowych w tym regionie. Ujawniają one następujące zjawiska: udźwięcznienie bezdźwięcznych spółgłosek zębowo-dziąsłowych przed sonornymi; zapożyczanie przyimków i spójników; postpozycja przymiotników w grupach rzeczownikowych; podwojenie zaimków i rzeczowników; wyrażanie dat przez określone konstrukcje czasowe. Okazuje się, że analizowane konstrukcje i formy charakteryzują się dużym stopniem zmienności, funkcjonują równolegle ze swoimi słoweńskimi odpowiednikami. W niektórych przypadkach mamy do czynienia z formami mieszanymi (mieszanymi konstrukcjami przyimkowymi, konstrukcjami czasowymi do wyrażania dat). Podwojenie zaimków i rzeczowników występuje na obszarze nierównomiernie, podobne zjawisko występuje w językach ligi bałkańskiej.

Establishing 3D hydrogeological solid model and database for sustainable groundwater management in the Vietnam Mekong delta

The Vietnam Mekong delta (VMD) is a tide-dominated delta formed by the Mekong river system. The sediments are dominantly fine grained and were deposited in the receiving basin with slight inclination of pre-existing deposits in the East sea and gulf of Thailand. The VMD is homeland to about 18 million people that exploit about 4-6 million m3/day of groundwater mainly for domestic use. In recent years, significant groundwater depletion has been occurring in many parts of the VMD due to excessive pumping. Consequently, the VMD has become increasingly faced with serious land subsidence, salt groundwater intrusion, and contamination. Establishing a 3D hydrogeological solid model and database are sorely needed to achieve sustainable groundwater management, and to serve as a basis for further in-depth analyses to quantify contributions from the above-mentioned hazards to current hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, a 3D hydrogeological solid model and database were built based on more than 1000 well logs available from the VMD. An areal distribution of the Holocene, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and Late Miocene subsurfaces from this 3D hydrogeological solid model and database showed zones of tectonic depression and uplift from Early Miocene - Quaternary. Also, the resulting areal distribution aquitards and aquifers thicknesses gave hints of ground saltwater intrusion and contamination.

The specifics of Croatian folk mythology

The article is devoted to the areal distribution of Croatian mythological characters, taking into account the general picture of folk mythology in the space of Southern Slavia. The author regards demonological images specific to the Adriatic, southern and northern parts of Croatia (including the Istrian peninsula), northwestern Croatia (often representing a single whole with the neighboring Slovenian area), Slavonia and Croats living in the environment of a foreign-cultural and foreign-speaking majority (Drava’s Croats in Hungary and Burgenland’s Croats in Austria and Hungary). The need to analyze character types considering the neighboring South Slavic regions (Bosnian, Serbian, Slovenian) is caused by the common system of distribution of cultural dialects and the corresponding terminology of folk culture in the whole South Slavic territory. As far as the geolinguistic study of folk mythology is concerned, and more broadly – cultural dialects, the ethnolinguist’s attention naturally falls on borrowings in the names of demonological characters: Italian, German, Hungarian, etc.

Präteritumschwund im Deutschen

The loss of the preterite form in German dialects is still a disputed and unresolved matter. The article summarizes the results of a new study that analyzes several dialectological documentations (e. g. dialect grammars, dialect atlases) and recognizes the areal distribution of the loss of the preterite as a threefold scale (number of preterite building verbs, frequency of forms, hierarchy in loss of forms). On this basis the article reconstructs the historical process of the loss of the preterite and suggests an integrative explanation of the described process as the result of the semantic and functional expansion of the German present perfect.

The origins of marine and non-marine boulder deposits: a brief review

We identify 14 mechanisms, marine and non-marine, one man made, that result and could result in the formation of boulder deposits after reviewing issues associated with clast shape, size and classification. Four of these mechanisms: storm deposits; waterspouts; cliff collapse; and catastrophic flooding below sea level, may produce deposits stretching for significant distances along shorelines which could be confused with historical or prehistoric tsunami deposits. However, recent debate has more specifically focused on parameters that can be employed in the distinction between coarse-grained tsunami and storm deposits, both of which can occur in the same location. We argue that features such as size, areal distribution and clast shape are not uniquely characteristic of either deposit. Rather, a wide variety of parameters, which reflect the period and the frequency of the transporting waves, need to be taken into account. Such analyses may be aided by profiles which evaluate the variation in modeled flow velocities with distance from the shoreline. Finally, we compare and contrast characteristics of coarse grained tsunami deposits with those of northeast Atlantic storm deposits that may aid in the identification of the transporting wave.

Definiteness Marking in Earlier Stages of Arabic Areal Evidence from Classical Arabic Idols’ Names

This study investigates definiteness marking in earlier stages of Arabic, based on a corpus of Classical Arabic idols' names attested in technical prose. The latter mentions not only Arabic idols, the names of which bear definite markers, but also the tribal units that worshipped them. Relying upon attestations of this sort, the present study investigates the areal distribution of definiteness marking in earlier stages of Arabic. Finally, it compares the results of such an investigation with the current knowledge on the areal distribution of definiteness marking in earlier stages of Arabic, based on epigraphic and dialectological evidence.

Industrial brines of the Khoreyver depression of the Pech ora plate

We studied areal distribution of the Khoreyver depression and strontium and lithium-rich iodine-bromine and iodine-boron industrial brines in the hydrogeological section. We presented the potential of the territory for practical use of industrial sodium chloride and calcium-sodium underground brines in the maps of distribution of bromine, iodine, boron and strontium-lithium iodinebromine and iodine-boric industrial brines within three Paleozoic calcareous aquifers (O2–S–D1; D3–C1; C–P1). Separate areas with lithium-strontium iodine - bromine and iodine-boric standard quality brines are designated.

Mesoamerica

The Mesoamerican linguistic area is rich with prosodic phenomena, including a wide variety of complex tone, phonation, stress, and intonational systems. The diversity of prosodic patterns in Mesoamerica reflects the extreme time-depth and complex history of the languages spoken there. This chapter surveys the prosody of Mesoamerican languages and some past analyses of their structures. Topics include the areal distribution of tonal complexity; interactions between stress, tone, and segmental contrasts; the phonetics of tone and phonation; metrical structure; and higher-level prosodic phenomena. Case studies from different languages also highlight interactions between morphological and word-prosodic structure. These topics underscore the importance of research on Mesoamerican languages to both phonological theory and linguistic typology.

Volumetric Calculation of Generated Hydrocarbon from Sargelu Formation in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

In attempt to determine the amount of hydrocarbon generated from Sargelu Formation, the outcrop and bore hole samples were used. The areal distribution, density, and weight of Sargelu Formation were determined by using traditional methods and using geographic information system. The amount of hydrocarbon generated was determined to be 3.4199 x 1012 kg.