The science underlying frugal innovations should not be frugal

In recent years, frugal products of the grassroots and advanced types are being widely used due to their sustainable nature and also affordability. However, despite the origins of frugality at grassroots level, grassroots innovations continue to be fabricated in an ad hoc manner that precludes application of science and are thus susceptible to premature failure. This work advocates the use of scientific principles for developing frugal products in general with emphasis on classical and new design methodologies that are rooted in science to save resources, and hence lower costs, while aiming for robust product functionality. This paper sheds light on the importance of the safety factor in frugal designs and the need, from here onwards, of a factor of frugality for the systematic realization of both grassroots and advanced frugal products. In particular, adoption of the factor of frugality , that was developed recently, has been supported in this effort with a numerical example to display the effectiveness of applying science for designing from scratch frugal products that are both streamlined and robust in their functionality.

The science underlying frugal-innovations should not be frugal

In recent years frugal products of the grassroots and advanced types are being widely used due to their sustainable nature and also affordability. However, despite the origins of frugality at grassroots level, grassroots innovations continue to be fabricated in an ad hoc manner that precludes application of science and are thus susceptible to premature failure. This work advocates the use of scientific principles for developing frugal products in general with emphasis on classical and new design methodologies that are rooted in science to save resources and, hence lower costs, while aiming for robust product-functionality. This paper sheds light on the importance of the safety factor in frugal designs and the need, from here onwards, of a factor of frugality for the systematic realization of both grassroots- and advanced frugal- products. In particular, adoption of the factor of frugality, that was developed recently, has been supported in this effort with a numerical example to display the effectiveness of applying science for designing from scratch frugal products that are both streamlined and robust in their functionality.

The science underlying frugal-innovations should not be frugal

In recent years frugal products of the grassroots and advanced types are being widely used due to their sustainable nature and also affordability. However, despite the origins of frugality at grassroots level, grassroots innovations continue to be fabricated in an ad hoc manner that precludes application of science and are thus susceptible to premature failure. This work advocates the use of scientific principles for developing frugal products in general with emphasis on classical and new design methodologies that are rooted in science to save resources and, hence lower costs, while aiming for robust product-functionality. This paper sheds light on the importance of the safety factor in frugal designs and the need, from here onwards, of a factor of frugality for the systematic realization of both grassroots- and advanced frugal- products. In particular, adoption of the factor of frugality, that was developed recently, has been supported in this effort with a numerical example to display the effectiveness of applying science for designing from scratch frugal products that are both streamlined and robust in their functionality.

3D Printing as a Case of Disruptive Technology

Disruptive innovation is a powerful tool for broadening and developing new markets and providing new product functionality, which, in turn, may disrupt existing markets, platforms and ecosystems. From the case of 3D printing technology, we find a clear example of disruptive technology. This chapter examines how disruptive the technology of 3D printing on the strategic scope of manufacturing activities in terms of product scope, market scope, geographical scope, and competence scope.

Target Costing Implementation Product Design and Product Process Conducted By Yamaha- Motor Kencana Indonesia (YMKI)

<p>The purpose of this study are to know target costing implementation in Yamaha- MotorKencanaIndonesia(YMKI),andevaluatethewayofcompanytomakeproductdesign and process in reaching the target costing after determining price and profit. The firm was success in implementing target costing, this can be seen by good Product functionality and market share achievement.<br />Product design and product process conducted by Yamaha-Motor Kencana Indonesia (YMKI) was able to sustain product quality, and not only could make stability in market share but olso have got wider market share. The way of company to make product design and process in reaching the target costing after determining price and profit is applying value engineering technique that is a cost reduction and process improvement technique that utulizes information collected about a product, design and process to indentify candidates for improvement efforts.</p>

Systems impact of zinc chelation by the epipolythiodioxopiperazine dithiol gliotoxin in Aspergillus fumigatus: a new direction in natural product functionality

Dithiol gliotoxin (DTG) is a zinc chelator and an inability to dissipate DTG in Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with multiple impacts which are linked to zinc chelation.