scholarly journals Bygones in a public project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Haita-Falah
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Public Project ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Multiple Stages ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe experimental literature suggests that contributions to a public good made dynamically, over multiple stages are higher than contributions made in a static setting, even when players do not receive feedback about co-players’ previous contributions between stages. Because the dynamic setting without feedback is strategically equivalent to the static one, this finding is puzzling. One important difference between the two settings, however, is that the dynamic setting gives the opportunity to sink contributions while in the static one this opportunity does not exist. I test whether the sunk character of the dynamic contributions explains the higher contributions in the dynamic setting. Symmetric players contribute in two stages to a threshold public good and receive feedback after each stage. The experimental treatment differ in whether the first-stage contributions are sunk or not when deciding on the second-stage contributions. The results show that making the first-stage contributions sunk increases the second-stage individual contributions, and this is more so the case at higher levels of the first-stage contributions. This suggests that the sunk contributions do, at least partially, explain the better performance of the dynamic setting.

scholarly journals Walk the Talk? The Effect of Voting and Excludability in Public Goods Experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Czap ◽  
Natalia V. Czap ◽  
Esmail Bonakdarian
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Public Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Other Regarding

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of voting and excludability on individual contributions to group projects. We conducted two experiments on excludable and nonexcludable public goods, which provided several important results. First, contrary to our expectations, subjects are generally contributing more to the non-excludable compared to the excludable public good. Second, participating in a vote to choose a public project per se makes no difference in contributions. However, if the project that the individual voted for also gets selected by the group, they contribute significantly more to that project. Third, empathy and locus of control are important driving forces of participation in common projects. Our results have implications on the procedural design of obtaining funding for public projects. First, the public should get involved and have a say in the determination of which project should be realized. Second, it might well pay off to attempt to develop a consensus among the population and obtain near unanimous votes, because in our experiment, subjects discriminate between the project they voted for and the project chosen by the majority. Third, the policy proposers should stress the other-regarding interest of the public good rather than just pecuniary incentives.

ZAKAT UNTUK SEKTOR PRODUKTIF: STUDI PADA ORGANISASI PENGELOLA ZAKAT DI SURAKARTA

INFERENSI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Muh Juan Suam Toro ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
M Amien Gunadi ◽  
Indah Piliyanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Unique Program ◽  
Made In

This paper is part of research that aims to investigate whether Organisasi Pengelola Zakat (OPZ) or Zakat Management Organisations in Surakarta have the awareness to distribute zakat fund to the productive sector and to address the contribution that has been made in this sector by OPZ. This study also investigated the constraints faced by OPZ in distributing zakat to the productive sector. Using explorative approach, this study uses two stages of data collection. Results showed that the first stage, OPZ generally already have the awareness to channel to the productive sectors of the economy. Four OPZ as an informant in the second stage with in-depth interviews showed that each organization has a unique program in distributing zakat fund to the productive sector. The constraints of distribution to productive economic sectors are focus on institutions, inavailability of good distribution systems, and the lack of skilled human resource.

Forging on Hammer of Rim Forging from Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V / Kucie Na Młocieodkuwki Felgi Ze Stopu Tytanu Ti6Al4V

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1239-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gontarz ◽  
Z. Pater ◽  
K. Drozdowski
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Titanium Alloy Ti6al4v ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Temperature Strain ◽  
Hammer Forging ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the research results of hammer forging process of a plane wheel rim forging from titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The research works were divided into two stages. The first concerned the theoretical analysis based on numerical simulations of the worked out forging technology. Distributions of temperature, strain, damage criterion according to Cockroft-Latham, material flow kinematics and force parameters were evaluated. It was stated that the danger of overheating and material cracking in the forging does not exist. Large force values present in the process means that problems with tools durability may appear. Satisfactory results of the theoretical analysis provided the basis for conducting the second stage of the research works, that is experimental tests in industrial conditions. After dies making forging tests were made in one Polish forging plants, in which a product of good quality was obtained. Manufactured forgings were free from cracks, shape faults and fulfilled requirements concerning mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Econometrical Modelling of Profit Tax Revenue

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
R. Rudzkis ◽  
E. Mačiulaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Models ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Short Time Series ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Budget Revenue

The aim of this article is to present a forecast of budget revenue from the profit tax using econometric models. The set of applied models has to be reduced to very simple models due to short time series used. Therefore, the profit tax regression analysis is made in two stages. In the first stage, econometric modelling of profit tax revenue with the main profit indicators (called the profit tax base) is performed on the basis of information on profit tax regulation and its changes. In the second stage, algorithms of forecasting the profit tax base are formed when the main macroeconomic indicators of Lithuanian economy are used as regressors. Crossvalidation was applied to estimate the accuracy of these algorithms.

Gamification

2021 ◽  
pp. 293-319
Author(s):  
Diogo Machado ◽  
Rui Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Made In

Diabetes is a chronic disease requiring a strict management. MyDiabetes is a mobile application for type I diabetes management that, as other mHealth applications, faces the challenge of user adherence and motivation. Here the authors describe the application's redesign and the implementation of different gamification techniques to tackle these challenges. The transition to the current version of the application was made in two stages. The first addressed the redesign of the application and started implementing gamification techniques. The second stage improved some of the features and added others. After the second stage, a new survey was conducted to evaluate the implemented features and improvements. While objectives and incentives to increase the number of records were endorsed by 56.5% of users, health directed badges and objectives increased the acceptance rate to 91.3%. Long-term effectiveness of the gamification approach will be done in the future.

scholarly journals Predicting B.Tech student admission decisions by data mining algorithms

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.3) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Ahuja ◽  
Archit Garg Garg ◽  
Daksh Jain ◽  
Deepanshu Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Mining Algorithms ◽  
Continuous Components ◽  
Admission Decisions ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Mining Algorithms ◽  
Support Cost ◽  
Made In

In learning calculations affiliation govern mining is the most intense capacity in information mining. The age of principles includes two stages in which the primary stage finds the arrangements of continuous components and the second stage creates the run the show. Numerous calculations are determined to discover sets of incessant components from successive examples. In our exploration work an imperative perception is made in the information digging calculations for the informational index of the designing understudies. By discovering relationship between qualities, we can discover the potential outcomes for affirmation and anticipate understudy confirmation choices. To discover solid and substantial affiliation rules, distinctive measures are thought about lift, support, cost, confidence and conviction. The gauge is come to with the utilization of the imperative as needs be amid the age of the affiliation rules. As we move towards the objective, to give an examination the affiliation runs, the understudies who pick the branch have utilized the calculations specified to demonstrate the guidelines and the aftereffects of the affiliation in light of the past database of the records of confirmation.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

Analisis Kebutuhan Petunjuk Praktikum Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains untuk Mencapai Kemampuan Merancang Eksperimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Friska Septiani Silitonga ◽  
Veri Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Core Competence ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Science Process Skills ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Core Competence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Practical Instruction ◽  
Design Experiments

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan petunjuk praktikum berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) untuk mencapai kemampuan merancang eksperimen pada materi kalor reaksi kalorimetri. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tanjungpinang. Variabel penelitian mencakup analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dan analisis kesesuaian Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dengan cara membandingkan dua petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini telah digunakan di sekolah tersebut, ditinjau dari aspek struktur format penulisan, aspek kreativitas, dan aspek keterampilan proses sains yang terdapat dalam petunjuk praktikum. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini digunakan tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didiknya untuk merancang eksperimen yang telah ditentukan. Tahapan kedua yaitu menganalisis kesesuaian kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar, yang bertujuan untuk menentukan indikator pencapaian kompetensi (IPK) yang akan menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum berbasis keterampilan proses sains. Dari kedua tahapan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik memerlukan petunjuk praktikum yang mampu mengonstruksi pikiran dan mengaktifkan kinerja mereka, sehingga pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Sains menjadi pilihan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik kurikulum 2013.   This research aims to analyze the needs of Science Process Skills based Practical Instruction to achieve the ability to design experiments on the calor of reaction. This research was done to the students of class XI SMA Negeri 2 Tanjungpinang City. Research Variable includes the analysis of the needs of the learning materials and analysis of the suitability of the Core Competence (KI) and Basic Competence (KD). The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative research. The first stages in this research is to analyze the needs of learning materials by comparing two practical instructions that had been implementing in the school, from the aspects of the structure of writing format, creativity, and science process skills embedded in practical instructions. The conclusion of this research that current practical instructions does not give an opportunity to the participants to design determined experiments. The second stage, namely analyzing the suitability of core competence and basic competence, which aims to determine the indicators of achievement of the competencies (GPA) which will be a reference in developing process skills-based teaching instructions science. Of the two stages that has been done then it can be concluded that learners need practical instructions to construct  thinking and and their performance, so the Science Process Skills approach is an option in developing practical instruction suitable for the characteristics of the curriculum of 2013.

ESTIMATING GAS AND ROCK OUTBURST RISK ON THE BASIS OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE – THE EXPERT SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Outburst Hazard

Abstract The Author endeavored to consult some of the Polish experts who deal with assessing and preventing outburst hazards as to their knowledge and experience. On the basis of this knowledge, an expert system, based on fuzzy logic, was created. The system allows automatic assessment of outburst hazard. The work was completed in two stages. The first stage involved researching relevant sources and rules concerning outburst hazard, and, subsequently, determining a number of parameters measured or observed in the mining industry that are potentially connected with the outburst phenomenon and can be useful when estimating outburst hazard. Then, the Author contacted selected experts who are actively involved in preventing outburst hazard, both in the industry and science field. The experts were anonymously surveyed, which made it possible to select the parameters which are the most essential in assessing outburst hazard. The second stage involved gaining knowledge from the experts by means of a questionnaire-interview. Subjective opinions on estimating outburst hazard on the basis of the parameters selected during the first stage were then systematized using the structures typical of the expert system based on fuzzy logic.

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