Hearing Audible Minorities: Accent, Discrimination, and the Integration of Immigrants into the Canadian Labour Market

Accent is a permanent marker of difference for learners of a second language, and may be a barrier to finding appropriate employment. Research on discrimination and accent reveals a widespread belief in the myth of a standard, ideal accent. This has resulted in individuals stereotyping accented speakers and drawing inappropriate conclusions about their language ability, leading to discrimination in both the workplace and broader society. A small study of Ottawa companies conducted for this paper supports the hypothesis that some employers may rely on accent to determine an applicant's English proficiency. Accent discrimination can be addressed by providing employers with information about accent and appropriate tools for language evaluation, confronting the reality of accent discrimination with ESL students, and by broadening the discourse on discrimination as a whole to recognize that minorities can be audible as well as visible.

Hearing Audible Minorities: Accent, Discrimination, and the Integration of Immigrants into the Canadian Labour Market

Accent is a permanent marker of difference for learners of a second language, and may be a barrier to finding appropriate employment. Research on discrimination and accent reveals a widespread belief in the myth of a standard, ideal accent. This has resulted in individuals stereotyping accented speakers and drawing inappropriate conclusions about their language ability, leading to discrimination in both the workplace and broader society. A small study of Ottawa companies conducted for this paper supports the hypothesis that some employers may rely on accent to determine an applicant's English proficiency. Accent discrimination can be addressed by providing employers with information about accent and appropriate tools for language evaluation, confronting the reality of accent discrimination with ESL students, and by broadening the discourse on discrimination as a whole to recognize that minorities can be audible as well as visible.

Virtual choice algorithms and ergonomics of distance services in education

The ability to interact in the virtual world, the network is the ability to choose. The priority direction in the work of the teacher is the search for tools that can provide real assistance to the student in providing comfort at a distance, increasing the motivation of students to choose such tools. The article reveals the features of the virtual selection method, which is a technology for selecting and modifying source tasks to improve their ergonomics. The optimal configuration of a set of manuals for distance education is determined by questioning and calculating the parameters of the standard (ideal).

Should concurrent viral (including COVID-19) or bacterial infections be treated before performing surgery for hip fracture?

Aims A systematic literature review focusing on how long before surgery concurrent viral or bacterial infections (respiratory and urinary infections) should be treated in hip fracture patients, and if there is evidence for delaying this surgery. Methods A total of 11 databases were examined using the COre, Standard, Ideal (COSI) protocol. Bibliographic searches (no chronological or linguistic restriction) were conducted using, among other methods, the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) template. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for flow diagram and checklist. Final reading of the complete texts was conducted in English, French, and Spanish. Classification of papers was completed within five levels of evidence (LE). Results There were a total of 621 hits (526 COre; 95 Standard, Ideal) for screening identification, and 107 records were screened. Overall 67 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 21 articles were included for the study question. A total of 46 full-text articles were excluded with reasons. No studies could be included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analyses), and there were many confounding variables including surgeons’ experience, prosthesis models used, and surgical technique. Conclusion Patients with hip fracture and with a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract or without major clinical symptoms should be operated on as soon as possible (LE: I-III). There is no evidence that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be treated differently. In relation to pneumonia, its prevention is a major issue. Antibiotics should be administered if surgery is delayed by > 72 hours or if bacterial infection is present in the lower respiratory tract (LE: III-V). In patients with hip fracture and urinary tract infection (UTI), delaying surgery may provoke further complications (LE: I). However, diabetic or immunocompromised patients may benefit from immediate antibiotic treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(12):884–893.

Real Gas Models in Coupled Algorithms Numerical Recipes and Thermophysical Relations

In the majority of compressible flow CFD simulations, the standard ideal gas state equation is accurate enough. However, there is a range of applications where the deviations from the ideal gas behaviour is significant enough that performance predictions are no longer valid and more accurate models are needed. While a considerable amount of the literature has been written about the application of real gas state equations in CFD simulations, there is much less information on the numerical issues involved in the actual implementation of such models. The aim of this article is to present a robust implementation of real gas flow physics in an in-house, coupled, pressure-based solver, and highlight the main difference that arises as compared to standard ideal gas model. The consistency of the developed iterative procedures is demonstrated by first comparing against results obtained with a framework using perfect gas simplifications. The generality of the developed framework is tested by using the parameters from two different real gas state equations, namely the IAPWS-97 and the cubic state equations state equations. The highly polynomial IAPWS-97 formulation for water is applied to a transonic nozzle case where steam is expanded at transonic conditions until phase transition occurs. The cubic state equations are applied to a two stage radial compressor setup. Results are compared in terms of accuracy with a commercial code and measurement data. Results are also compared against simulations using the ideal gas model, highlighting the limitations of the later model. Finally, the effects of the real gas formulations on computational time are compared with results obtained using the ideal gas model.

Challenging Standard Concepts of ‘Humane’ Care through Relational Auto-Ethnography

What is deemed ‘good’ or ‘humane’ care often seems to be underpinned by a standard ideal of an able-bodied, autonomous human being, which not only underlies those ‘social and professional structures within which narratives and decisions regarding various impairments are held’ (Ho, 2008), but also co-shapes these structures. This paper aims to explore how a relational form of auto-ethnography can promote good care. Rather than being based on and focused toward this standard ideal, it challenges ‘humanity’ by showing how illness narratives, public discourse, and policy are framed by ethical questions. It illustrates how normative ideas dictate policy and public discourse. It critically questions this constitutive power by shifting attention to the lived experiences of people with chronic illness and disability. By highlighting and reflecting together on the first author’s life with a chronic illness and his son’s disability, and thereby framing the narrative, it will be argued that, in order to improve care practices, personal illness and disability narratives and the way they interlock with public narrative and auto-ethnographic methodologies should be investigated.

APLIKASI FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM (FIS) METODE SUGENO DALAM MENENTUKAN KEBUTUHAN ENERGI DAN PROTEIN PADA BALITA

<p>Masa balita merupakan periode perkembangan yang rentan terhadap masalah gizi. Energi dan protein yang tidak seimbang dalam menu makanan balita dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi (gizi salah). Oleh karena itu, pemenuhan energi dan protein merupakan faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menjaga kesehatan balita yang sedang mengalami masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Pada penelitian ini, dibangun perangkat lunak yang dapat memudahkan seseorang dalam menentukan kebutuhan energi dan protein untuk balita usia 36-59 bulan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak adalah fuzzy sugeno, yaitu aturan yang direpresentasikan dalam bentuk IF-THEN dengan output berupa konstanta untuk melakukan perhitungan terhadap kebutuhan energi dan protein. Sedangkan input yang digunakan dalam metode fuzzy sugeno meliputi berat badan, tinggi badan, umur dan jenis kelamin. Pengujian terhadap fuzzy sugeno tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai yang dihasilkan metode ini memiliki analisis kebenaran dengan standard ideal sebesar 58% dalam menentukan kebutuhan energi dan 86% dalam menentukan kebutuhan protein. Sedangkan metode manual memiliki analisis kebenaran dengan standard ideal sebesar 24% dalam menentukan kebutuhan energi dan 34% dalam menentukan kebutuhan protein. <em></em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci :</strong><em> balita, gizi, kebutuhan energi, kebutuhan protein, fuzzy sugeno</em>.</p>