Integrating Human Behavior and Safety Measure into Evacuation Route Planning in a Volcanic Crisis

Many traditional methods in evacuation route planning are motivated by the operational objective, such as total travel/clearance time. Little attention has been given to the human factor and the safety aspect of the evacuees during the planning phase. Our study aims to propose a simple yet practical route planning method that simultaneously considers human behavior, safety factor, and the travel time in a volcanic crisis context. The planning model is developed based on the shortest-path problem with a joint-cost parameter representing the three aspects. We present a large-scale street network in Merapi volcano as a case study. The result implies that employing a joint-cost parameter is effective for creating an evacuation route that is reasonably safe and in line with human cognition in navigation. The finding offers practical insights for the stakeholders as part of the greater effort to develop a systematic disaster management plan.

Asymptotic behaviors for nonlocal diffusion equations about the dispersal spread

This paper studies the effects of the dispersal spread, which characterizes the dispersal range, on nonlocal diffusion equations with the nonlocal dispersal operator [Formula: see text] and Neumann boundary condition in the spatial heterogeneity environment. More precisely, we are mainly concerned with asymptotic behaviors of generalized principal eigenvalue to the nonlocal dispersal operator, positive stationary solutions and solutions to the nonlocal diffusion KPP equation in both large and small dispersal spread. For large dispersal spread, we show that their asymptotic behaviors are unitary with respect to the cost parameter [Formula: see text]. However, small dispersal spread can lead to different asymptotic behaviors as the cost parameter [Formula: see text] is in a different range. In particular, for the case [Formula: see text], we should point out that asymptotic properties for the nonlocal diffusion equation with Neumann boundary condition are different from those for the nonlocal diffusion equation with Dirichlet boundary condition.

Effect and Behavior of Pre Engineered Building with Different Moment Resisting Frames

Mechanical improvement throughout the years has contributed monstrously to the upgrade of personal satisfaction through different new items and administrations. One such transformation was the Pre Engineered Buildings. In spite of the way that PEB frameworks are broadly utilized in modern and numerous other non private developments around the world, it is generally another idea in India. When contrasted with different nations Indian codes for building configuration are stringent yet more secure in structure of PEB. The undertaking extraordinarily manages Design and Detailing for Earthquake Loads (Section-12 of IS800:2007). Steel outlines will likewise be structured and point by point to give satisfactory quality, solidness and flexibility to oppose extreme seismic tremors in all zones without breakdown. The undertaking fundamentally manages the examination of edges with and without area 12 burden mixes. Contrasted with the past code for example IS-800:1984, the heaviness of the structures is expanding when planned with the most recent code, IS-800:2007. In this way there is an expansion in cost of the structure. Be that as it may, when watched, the area 12 burden mixes are not administered for a similar structure planned with new code. Henceforth the areas might be diminished by fulfilling the base criteria according to the zone and decline in the cost parameter can be found by sorting the structure through which weight of structure can be decreased.

Theoretical guidelines for editing ecological communities

Having control over species abundances and community resilience is of great interest for experimental, agricultural, industrial and conservational purposes. Here, we theoretically explore the possibility of manipulating ecological communities by modifying pairwise interactions. Specifically, we establish which interaction values should be modified, and by how much, in order to alter the composition or resilience of a community towards a favorable direction. While doing so, we also take into account the experimental difficulties in making such modifications by including in our optimization process, a cost parameter, which penalizes large modifications. In addition to prescribing what changes should be made to interspecies interactions given some modification cost, our approach also serves to establish the limits of community control, i.e. how well can one approach an ecological goal at best, even when not constrained by cost.

Cost Centric Data Mining for Radiology Procedures at Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

This study explored radiology procedure cost across available units in the Radiology’s Department UKMMC (University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre). In 2011, the total number of radiology procedures carried out in this department was 121,221. Nevertheless, the estimating expenses of offering these procedures are not known. An economic evaluation study was employed and cost centric data mining based on costing activity method was used to determine the charge of the procedure in every centre. Information on seven cost parameters was collected for each procedure: human resources, consumables, equipment, reagents, administration, maintenance and utilities. The results of the study show that the highest percentage of cost parameter for the human resource was Radiology (Mobile) 57.5%, the highest percentage of cost parameter for consumables and reagent was EIR (Endovascular International Radiology) Unit 75.8% and Medical Nuclear Unit 68.1% was the highest percentage of cost parameter for reagent. The MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Unit 81.4% was the highest cost parameter for equipment. The most top mean cost procedures were EIR MYR4330 and it was revealed that procedures with the highest difference ratio were procedures in EIR (18.50). Finding of this study is very useful to UKMMC management since it helps to enhance the efficiency of services and reduce unnecessary radiology procedures in patient’s management.

Pricing models of two-sided markets incorporating service quality

Purpose This paper aims to study the pricing problems on the two-sided market for cases of monopoly and duopoly competition, specifically investigating the impact of platform service quality on the market. Theoretical analysis and computational studies are conducted to investigate the impact of different parameters on the system outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical formulations are proposed for cases of monopoly and duopoly competition. For monopolistic market, the optimal pricing and service quality strategies are obtained using mathematical programming method. For duopolistic market, the equilibrium outcomes are derived by game theory. Sensitivity analysis and numerical studies are also adopted to investigate the impact of different parameters. Findings For monopolistic market, the platform will provide a low service quality when the service cost parameter is large. However, when the cost parameter is small, the platform provides a higher service quality and higher registration prices. Furthermore, the sum of the optimal prices is proportional to the service quality and inversely proportional to the user price sensitivity. For duopolistic market, the competitive equilibrium prices exist under a certain condition. The determinants of equilibrium prices are the gap between the service qualities of two platforms and the cross-group externalities. Originality/value For monopolistic market, this paper specifies the role of platform service quality in determining the platform’s pricing strategy. For duopolistic market, this paper presents a market sharing mechanism between two platforms and explores the equilibrium pricing strategies for platforms with different service quality level.