Role of oncoviruses in oncogenesis

The author describes DNA oncoviruses and RNA oncoviruses, their ways of infiltrating the host’s cells, and the possibilities of neoplastic transformation of cells by these microorganisms. The role of protooncogenesis and oncogenesis in both humans and animals is discussed. The transformation of cells by viruses is normally insufficient for oncogenesis; the cells also need to gain “immortality,” which usually requires 4-5 genetic changes (the so-called clonal development of cells), (Fig. 1). Oncoviruses remove suppressor growth factors while enhancing the effects that stimulate cell growth through e.g. hormones, cytokines, or transcription activators. In addition, the author discusses the role of the optimization principle in neogenesis.

Ethanolic Garlic Extract (Allium sativumL) Increased Viability and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblast In Vitro

Introduction: Garlic is a natural herb which can be used to be a good alternative treatment because cheap and safe. Garlic contains allicin which may has act antibacterial and antiinflammatory effect. Moreover, garlic extract has a good biocompatibility and can stimulate cell growth. Does garlic extract biocompatible and can stimulate cell growth that is seen from the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and how its work will be studied.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the biocompatibility of garlic extract by observing the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.Methods: Biocompatibility test was conducted using serial concentration of garlic extract. Human gingival fibroblasts was seeded into 96 microwell plate with density of 2x103 cells, added with the fourteen serial concentration of garlic extract, and incubated in 37o C and 5% CO2for 24, 48 and 72 hours. MTT assay was used to analyze the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis and U Mann-Whitney test.Results: The result showed that in each time of observation, there is no significant difference in viability fibroblast (p>0,05), but there are significant difference between time of observation at 24, 48, and 72 hours (p <0.05).Data showed that all concentration of garlic extract increased the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts.Conclusions: The ethanolic garlic extract has a good biocompatibility to human gingival fibroblasts culture cell and can stimulate the proliferation of human gingival fibroblast.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.556-561