Herbicides in agronomic performance and chlorophyll indices of Enlist E3 and Roundup Ready soybean

Soybean DAS-44406-6 (Enlist E3) is tolerant to glyphosate, 2,4-D and glufosinate. However, more information is needed on selectivity of 2,4-D choline on Enlist E3 soybean, alone or in mixtures. The aim of this study was to evaluate herbicide effects on agronomic performance and chlorophyll indices of soybean. Glyphosate was applied at different stages of development of Enlist E3 and RR soybean. Furthermore, 2,4-D choline alone and in mixture with glyphosate or glufosinate were also applied on Enlist E3 soybean. Studies were conducted in 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons. Experiment 1 consisted of application of glyphosate. The treatments were arranged in a 2x4 factorial (genotpes x growth stage). For genotypes, Enlist E3 and RR were used. For growth stage, control (without application), V4, V6 and R2 were used. Experiment 2 consisted of application of 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, glufosinate and associations, at V4 of Enlist E3 soybean. Crop injury, chlorophyll indices and agronomic performance were evaluated. The equivalent selectivity of glyphosate for Enlist E3 and RR soybean was verified, regardless of the stage. 2,4-D choline, alone or in mixtures, did not reduce chlorophyll indices and yield of Enlist E3 soybean after application at V4. Enlist E3 soybean was found to be tolerant to 2,4-D choline, glyphosate and glufosinate. The results showed that, in addition to glyphosate, Enlist E3 soybean may be an alternative for glyphosate resistant weeds

Detection of genetically modified organisms in soy feed and food in Romania

The paper describes the diagnostic methods used in Romania to detect the genetically modified organisms in soy feed and food and the results recorded between 2013 and 2019. The retrospective analyses of surveillance and diagnostic methods (qualitative and quantitative PCR techniques) developed for the genetically modified organisms detection in soy feed and food and of the transgenic Roundup Ready soybean line event 40-3-2 in Romania covered a total of 687 tests between 2013 and 2019 and revealed 32/131 GM events in 2013, 25/142 GM events in 2014, 24/117 GM events in 2015, 16/115 GM events in 2016, 6/97 GM events in 2017, 8/53 GM events in 2018, and 2/32 GM events in 2019.

Detection of Unlabeled Genetically Modified Soybean in the Omani Market

This study aimed to screen for products containing Genetically Modified (GM) food in the Omani market using detection methods for the presence of Roundup Ready Soybean, Bt176 and MON810 maize in food products and to quantify it in positive samples using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 100 food samples were collected randomly from markets in Oman. Out of 59 samples, 8 (13.5%) were successfully amplified with the maize plant specific PCR. GM screening showed negative for all samples, which indicated low or no GM maize in the samples tested. Out of 57 soy containing samples, 40 (70%) were successfully amplified by the soybean plant specific PCR. Six samples out of the 40 (15%) were found positive for GM using P35S-cf3/P35S-cr4 and HA-nos118-f/HA-nos118-r, primer pairs and using GMO5/GMO9 and GMO7/GMO8 primer pairs for specific detection of Roundup Ready Soybean. Real time PCR (TaqMan™ system) was carried out for the positive Roundup Ready Soybean samples and results showed that 2 out of the positive GM soy samples contained more than 5%; a Soy Formula for Infants (imported) sample contained 21% GM soybean and raw soybean seeds (imported in bulk amounts and packed in Oman) contained 88% GM soybean. The results demonstrate for the first time the presence of GM-soy in food products in the Omani market, reinforcing the need for the use of qualitative and quantitative methods for GM detection in food products.