Increased yield performance of mutation induced Soybean genotypes at varied agro-ecological conditions

In soybean breeding program, continuous selection pressure on traits response to yield created a genetic bottleneck for improvements of soybean through hybridization breeding technique. Therefore an initiative was taken to developed high yielding soybean variety applying mutation breeding techniques at Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh. Locally available popular cultivar BARI Soybean-5 was used as a parent material and subjected to five different doses of Gamma ray using Co60. In respect to seed yield and yield attributing characters, twelve true breed mutants were selected from M4 generation. High values of heritability and genetic advance with high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for plant height, branch number and pod number were considered as favorable attributes for soybean improvement that ensure expected yield. The mutant SBM-18 obtained from 250Gy provided stable yield performance at diversified environments. It provided maximum seed yield of 3056 kg ha-1 with highest number of pods plant-1 (56). The National Seed Board of Bangladesh (NSB) eventually approved SBM-18 and registered it as a new soybean variety named ‘Binasoybean-5’ for large-scale planting because of its superior stability in various agro-ecological zones and consistent yield performance.

​Binasoybean-6: A High Yielding Mutant Soybean Variety Developed through Sustainable Mutation Breeding

Background: Soybean is an important source of food, protein and oil and hence more research is essential to increase its yield under different agro-ecological conditions, including stress. In this regard, four popular soybean varieties viz. Shohag, BDS-4, BAU-S/64 and BARI Soybean-5 were irradiated using Co60 gamma rays to create genetic variation for earliness, higher seed yield and other desirable agronomic traits. Methods: The experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) Headquarters farm, Mymensingh during 2006-2009 and 28 elite mutant lines were selected for evaluation. The mutant line, SBM-22 derived from mother variety BARI Soybean-5 irradiated with 300Gy of gamma rays was found to be superior compared to other mutants. Considering the superior performance of mutant SBM-22 including 28 mutants and mother check variety BARI Soybean-5, were evaluated through different trials. The evaluation trials were conducted at different agro-ecological zones of the country during Rabi season (January to April) of 2010-2018. Result: Significant variations were observed both in individual location and over locations for all traits. Reactions to major diseases and insect-pests infestation were also studied. Due to better performance of the mutant SBM-22, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) applied to the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh for registration as an important soybean variety “Binasoybean-6”. Consequently, the NSB of Bangladesh registered SBM-22 as an improved soybean variety in 2019 as Binasoybean-6 for commercial cultivation.

Efficiency of soybean photosynthesis as affected by the components of cultivation technology

Purpose. Determine the efficiency of photosynthesis of soybean varieties ‘Ustia’, ‘Kordoba’, ‘Estafeta’ as affected by the use of microfertilizers and growth regulators. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. The article presents the results of research to study the effectiveness of photosynthesis in the cultivation of different varieties of soybean. It was found that the treatment of plants with microfertilizer Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with the growth regulator Radostym ensured a leaf area (1000 m2/ha) increase of 7.2 m2/ha in variety ‘Ustia’, 7.6 in ‘Kordoba’ and 5.2 in ‘Estafeta’, compared to control. At the same time, the efficiency of using the growth regulator Biosil against the background of double treatment with the microfertilizer was at the level of the treatments with single treatments with Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with appropriate growth regulators. Conclusions. It was investigated that the leaf surface area of ‘Ustia’ variety with foliar fertilization using Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with growth regulators Biosil and Radostym was 38.8 and 39.2 thousand m2/ha. The use of microfertilizers twice in combination with the above-mentioned growth regulators contributed to the increase of leaf area to the level of 38.9 and 39.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. Similarly, in ‘Kordoba’ soybean variety, the best option was the use of Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with the growth regulator Radostym, which helped to increase the leaf area to 39.5 thousand m2/ha. Foliar fertilization with microfertilizers combined with the use of growth regulators provides the formation of maximum NPP. Thus, in ‘Ustia’ variety, it was 1.47 and 1.45 g/m2, in ‘Estafeta’ 1.82 and 1.82 g/m2 of dry matter per day.

The reaction of soybean varieties to the use of a biological product

Relevance. In the conditions of the Central Black Earth region in the farm “Yaroslav the Wise” of the Starooskolsky district of the Belgorod region, five soybean varieties (Belgorodskaya 48, Bara, Victoria, Opus and Kassidi) were studied on nutritional backgrounds — without seed inoculation and without biological treatment (control), using only inoculation and with the use of a biological product against the background of seed inoculation.Methods. The experimental conditions differed in rainfall patterns and the amount of heat, their distribution was especially uneven in 2020, that had a significant negative effect on the yield of all studied soybean varieties. The soil of the experimental plot is typical medium-thick chernozem, medium-humus, heavy loamy texture. The advantages of the soybean variety Opus, the plants of which formed a large height, air-dry mass, leaf area, a greater number and mass of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots, were revealed. Plants of this variety provided a higher yield level in all studied agro-backgrounds.Results. The yield varied from 32,5 centners per hectare (control) to 36,2 centners per hectare (when using the biological product Biogor, Zh). The content and collection of protein were also higher in the Opus cultivar in all the studied agrophones. In comparison with the control, the protein content was higher by 4% (background — control), by 4,9% — with inoculation of seeds and by 6,1% — when using a biological product. The same pattern is observed when assessing the oil content in seeds and collecting protein and oil per hectare of soybean sowing. Inoculation of seeds with soybean inoculant Nitragin, KM improved plant development and increased productivity, as well as the profitability of cultivation of the studied soybean varieties, which was higher when using a biological product against the background of seed inoculation by an average of 27%, while with only inoculation — by only 15,1%.

The Use of Different Proteins as a Carrier Protein to Obtaining Morphine-Protein Conjugates for ELISA Diagnosis of Drug Addicts

Drug addiction is one of the biggest problems of medicine because diagnosis and treatment of drug addiction are difficult compared with some other socially significant diseases. In this study, synthesis and evaluation of four carrier protein-morphine conjugates were experimented. These conjugates were evaluated based on ELISA; soybean protein-based conjugate was selected for further analysis. The total soybean protein was isolated from the local soybean variety and; it was fractioned by the gel-filtration method and their amino acids compositions were studied. After that, the ELISA drug addicts were conducted based on soybean protein-morphine conjugates synthesized with soybean protein fractions. The high molecular weight soybean protein- morphine conjugate showed the highest quality.

Joint sowing of corn and soybean in forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia

The paper presents the results of studies on the cultivation of maise in joint crops with soybean in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in 2003-2005. The authors studied plant height and dynamics of green mass yield of maise and soybean. As a result of recording plant height, the authors observed that corn hybrid Ob 150 CB by 25-30 cm and corn hybrid Krasnodar 382 MB by 35-47 cm were higher in single-seeded crops by harvest than in joint crops, indicating the negative impact of soybeans on corn. The maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB reacted more strongly to the depress- ing effect of soybean than the hybrid Obskiy 150 SV in terms of plant height. This comparison was especially noticeable when it was cultivated in joint crops with the early-ripening soybean variety SibNIIK-315. In the early stages of development, the height of soybean plants in single-species and different variants of common crops did not practically differ. However, starting from the phase of fruit formation, the authors observed a decrease in the height of soybean plants in the row with maise and its increase in the intercropping. By harvesting, the difference between the height of soybean plants of the variety October 70 in the row and across the row was on average 11-24 cm. At the same time, the soybean plants of the variety October 70 were lower in the row with maise and higher in the row spacing than in the single-seeded crop. The height of the plants proves not only the principle of competitiveness but also the effect of the high range of tiering, which forces the legume component to reach for the light. In a mixture with the late-ripening maise hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MB, the early-ripening soybean variety contributed to a more significant decrease in the green mass yield of maise than the late-ripening soybean variety October 70. Harvesting, conducted on 2-6 September, showed that joint crops of maise, regardless of early maturity, provided a green matter yield of 23.7-40.1 t/ha. This yield was 49% and 14% lower than in the single-species crops of early maturing hybrid maise Ob 150 CB and 2-3 times lower than the mid-season hybrid Krasnodar 382 MV. The nature of the interspecific relationships indicates a more significant negative impact of early maturing soybean variety SibNIIK-315 on the productivity of maise and especially the medium-maturing hybrid Krasnodarskiy 382 MV, where the differences with the single-species sowing showed the most significant value – 51 %.