Experimental justification for prompt neutralization of traumatic action of thermal exo- and endogenous damage factors (morphological features)

Objective: morphological substantiation of efficiency of prompt neutralization of traumatic action of exogenous and endogenous damage factors in burn injuries in experimental conditions. After simulating the burns on 60 rats, the traumatic hyperthermic damage factors in the main group were immediately neutralized by a gauze napkin soaked in water. Depending on its duration, the animals were divided into subgroups. Such applications were not performed on the control group. The study involved histological examination of tissues. Animals of the main groups had the presence of histologically confirmed skin appendages with a formed scar of connective tissue without signs of inflammation. In animals of the control group there were no skin appendages, which indicates a deeper thermal damage to tissues and the impossibility of self-epithelialization of wounds. These results confirm the importance and necessity of prompt neutralization of the traumatic effect of damage factors as the main elements of burn depth formation.

Response of morphological and biochemical traits and transcriptomic of CDPKs and P5CS Genes to phytohormones and nutrients in two bread wheat germplasms under salinity conditions

Several enzymes play an important role in the biosynthesis of osmolyte in plants. The main objective of this work is to study the effects of salt stress, kinetin+potassium and giberellic acid+potassium on calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and delta-1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthase (P5CS) genes expression of two bread wheat varieties. The results shodwe that, salts stress reduced the plant growth of the two wheat germplasms. Moreover, the addition of kinetin+ potassium improved the performance of morphometric parameters while the addition of giberellic acid +potassium has less effect. On the biochemical level, results indicated that salt stress increased the proline contents compared with control plants. Extra increase in proline contents was recorded by kinetin+ potassium, while the treatment of giberellic acid +potassium showed almost similar results as in salt stress only. On the molecular level, salt stress, kinetin and giberellic acid significantly increased the two genes expression of CDPKs and P5CS with more effect in presence of kinetin+ potassium.

Expression of OsDREB2A in Transgenic Tomato Improves Drought Tolerance

Dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) are important regulatory molecules which have a crucial role in abiotic stress tolerance. The productivity of tomato, as a drought-sensitive crop, is highly restricted by drought stress. The current study aimed at introducing the OsDERB2A gene into two tomato genotypes via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. Cotyledonary explants were pre-cultured for two days with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harboring pCAMBIA1301 with OsDREB2A driven by the constitutive promoter CaMV35S for transformation. Shoots were directly regenerated on MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 zeatin and 1 mg l-1 BAP, and in presence of 30 mg l-1 hygromycin as selective agent. Only eight weeks were needed to regenerate transgenic tomato using this protocol. An OD600 of 0.4 resulted in 64.3-76.9% transformation efficiency. Stable integration and expression of the OsDREB2A gene were confirmed in transgenic tomato using PCR and RT-PCR analyses, and drought tolerance of T0 transgenic lines was confirmed by leaf disc assay in 300 mM mannitol. The superior biomass, photosynthetic pigments, free soluble sugars and proline accumulation of OsDREB2A transgenic lines over wild type in response to mannitol-stress revealed their enhanced drought tolerance and indicated that the constitutive expression of OsDREB2A might modulate the expression of other drought responsive genes.

Evaluation of sowing methods and nitrogen levels for grain yield and components of durum wheat under arid region of Egypt

The present experiment was conducted at private farm during 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons. The investigated area lies within the extremely arid belt, having long hot summer and short warm winter. The main goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of different sowing methods on yield components of wheat, using split plot design with three replications. Sowing methods in main plot were broadcasting method, row spacing 10, 15 and 20 cm apart). Nitrogen fertilizer levels in sub plot were 60, 75 and 90 kg N fed-1 (fed = 4200 m-2). The increase percentage due to row spacing at 20 cm apart (M4) compared to broadcasting method (M1) were (23.30 & 26.74%) for spike length; (5.11 & 6.94 %) for 1000 grain weight and (8.02 & 7.74%) for grain yield and according ally (3.07 & 3.08%) for harvest index in both seasons, respectively. Overall, from the present study the sowing method in rows with 20 cm apart and the optimum N fertilizer rate (90 kg fed-1) for durum wheat production in the soils of Qasir, Dakhala oasis on silt loam soil was the best treatment.

Online Advanced Bacterial Identification Software, an Original Tool for Phenotypic Bacterial Identification

The objective of the study is to present and validate an original online Advanced Bacterial Identification Software, ABIS, by comparison to a commercially available, standardized identification system, API strips and apiweb™ bioMerieux software. Methods and results: presentation of ABIS online software, phenotypic bacterial identification of 16 reference strains and 123 wild isolates by ABIS and apiweb TM bioMerieux software and comparative analysis of results. Closed results were obtained (same taxa) for reference and wild strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Bacillaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and other. Conclusions: Apiweb™ confirmed the results of ABIS, overall, average identification percent for ABIS being 91.8% and 90.4% for apiweb TM. ABIS online is a powerful tool for microbiology lab and the Encyclopedia connection provides essential information about the ecological significance, pathology and other features of the identified strains.

Efect of sowing dates and seed rates of flax intercropped with sugar beet on productivity of both crops and competitive relationships

The aim of intercropping flax on sugar beet is to increase the cultivated area with flax due to widely cultivated area of sugar beet. So, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of various sowing dates and seed rates of flax intercropped with sugar beet on yield, quality and economic evaluation. The main-plots were assigned to three sowing dates of flax intercropped with sugar beet and the sub-plots were allocated to four seed rates of flax. The results show that sowing date of flax after 35 days from sowing (DFS) sugar beet resulted in the highest values of sugar beet yields and quality. Maximum values of flax straw and seed yields resulted from sowing flax after 21 DFS sugar beet. Intercropping sugar beet with flax at 12.5% from recommended seed rate on top sugar beet terraces attained the most elevated values of sugar beet yield and quality. Sowing flax at 50% from recommended rate resulted in the best values of flax technical and fruiting zone length, also straw and seed yield/hectare. The maximum yield and economic return of both crops were obtained from sowing flax at 12.5% from recommended rate after (21 or 35) DFS sugar beet.

Effect of milling and sourdough fermentation on bioactive compounds of selected multigrain blends

Blends of wheat, rye and barley were used to obtain multigrain milling fractions. The multigrain flours were further subjected to fermentation, and the metabolites profile and the nutritional potential of the obtain sourdoughs were explored. Increasing the level of rye and barley in the multigrain blends resulted in increased DPPH RSA, total phenolic and folic acid contents in flours and brans. The level of panthotenic acid decreased in flours and brans, with the increase of rye and barley levels. Both spontaneous and lactic acid bacteria assisted sourdough fermentation resulted in lower levels of folic acid compared to the corresponding flours, but the concentration increased with the level of rye and barley within blends. The metabolites biosynthesized by lactic acid bacteria varied with the levels of rye and barley in the blends. Multigrain milling and sourdough fermentation are valuable tools for modulating the nutritional profile of the cereal based food products.

Selection of a suitable viral DNA extraction method for Sheeppox virus in cell culture

A suitable method for the extraction of nucleic acids should be efficient, sensitive, rapid and simple. Moreover, ideally, good method should yield pure nucleic acid-free from any contaminant inhibitors. Several methods have been reported for viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolation but limited information is available on quick and simple isolation of Sheeppox virus (SPPV) genomic DNA in cell culture. In this study, the healthy Vero cells and primary lamb testis cells were infected with SPPV strains such as SPPV-Jaipur, SPPV-Ranipet and SPPV-Roumanian Fanar (RF) and harvested when it exhibited clear cytopathic effect (CPE) in culture. Four different DNA extraction methods i.e., (i) Phenol/chloroform/Isoamyl alcohol method, (ii) Cell lysis buffer method, (iii) Proteinase-k method, and (iv) commercial nucleic acid extraction kit was used to extract optimum yield of viral genomic DNA from clarified culture supernatant of harvested SPPV virus. The DNA sample was characterized using the Nanodrop spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. Significantly (p<0.05) higher yield of SPPV genomic DNA was obtained in proteinase-k method which was about 3-5 times more than other methods. Among these methods, proteinase-k protocol was found to be comparatively very effective method in terms of yield of viral genomic DNA, and was free from PCR inhibitors.

Yield results obtained in maize crop following the foliar fertilization with new biostimulators based on keratin and collagen hydrolysates of animal origin

The aim of the paper is to show the reaction of maize crop to the foliar application of new biofertilizers, obtained from the residues left after the wool tanning process and which are based on protein hydrolysates of keratin and collagen. The tests have been performed in microplots (10 sqm) and macroplots (1000 sqm), in three repetitions, in southern Romania. All data obtained as a result of the 2020 autumn harvest have been centralized in tables and statistically processed, in order to establish the influence of each product, compared to the control. The bifactorial analyses show that, in climatic stress conditions (prolonged drought – Calarasi), very significant increases in yield have been obtained with K4 (2.5 and 5.0 l/ha), K5 (5.0 l/ha) and C (5.0 l/ha), with increases between 700 and 1300 kg/ha, ie up to +24%. In macroplots, subject to a moderate drought (Teleorman), product C (5.0 l/ha) brought a yield increase of 1537 kg/ha (+26%), noting that in this location almost all tested biostimulators offer very significant yield growth (except KC). Based on the 2020 yields, it was possible to identify which the foliar biostimulators that will continue to be tested in 2021.

Antiproliferative Effect of Epilobium parviflorum Extracts on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HT-29

The Epilobium species, rich in various active phytochemicals, have been widely used in folk medicine to treat several diseases including benign prostatic hyperplasia. Despite being demonstrated on some type of cancer cells such as prostate cancer, their potential anti-cancerous role on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells has not been studied yet. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), colon cancer is the third most common form of cancer, resulting over 800 000 deaths every year worldwide. The present study demonstrates the anti-cancerous activity of aqueous and ethanolic Epilobium parviflorum extracts in colon cancer cell line HT-29 cells in vitro. The both type of extracts reduced the cell viability of HT-29 cells in a dose dependent manner. Gene expression analysis of HT-29 cells demonstrated an increase at apoptotic genes, caspase 3 and caspase 8. Nuclear fragmentation of apoptotic cells was also demonstrated through TUNEL assay as well as immunostaining experiments. On the other hand, same lethal concentrations of E. parviflorum extracts were not profound on non-cancerous human fibroblast cell line BJ cells. Our results indicate that E. parviflorum may also be used as a therapeutic agent against colon cancers.