Early Italian Lyric

In order to examine the relationship between Dante and the early Italian lyric, this chapter focuses on two key moments of Dante’s rewriting of his own story as lyric poet: first in the Vita nuova, which traces the relationship to fellow poet Guido Cavalcanti, and second in the encounters with Bonagiunta da Lucca and Guido Guinizzelli in Purgatorio XXIV and XXVI, which redefine the roles of the major poets of the past generation. These passages are less ambiguous than has often appeared: they doubtless intend to promote Dante’s poetic choices and literary authority, but they also testify to objective developments in the history of vernacular love poetry.

‘Learning the Lakes’: Harriet Martineau's A Complete Guide to the English Lakes and Pedestrian Authority

In 1845 Harriet Martineau experienced a rapid recovery from a debilitating but mysterious illness that had kept her house-bound for half a decade. She measured her increasing health by the miles she was able to walk, and rapidly found herself capable of considerable distances. Shortly after she moved to the Lake District. Here she set about consolidating her recovery and becoming acquainted with her new home by walking hundreds of miles across the whole area. These walks would be the basis for her guides to the Lakes, first a series of essays published in ‘A Year at Ambleside’ in 1850, then A Complete Guide to the English Lakes in 1855. This essay places Martineau's Lakeland guides in the broader context of nineteenth-century tourism, especially the picturesque guidebooks that recent scholarship has demonstrated both responded to and shaped the way visitors understood the area. Martineau's guides, unusual for being female-authored, offer, I argue, suggestive ways of further developing our understanding of the relationship between genre, place and literary authority during the mid-century Lakeland tourist boom.

SUSTAINED EXPRESSIONS IN MEDIA SPACE DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19

Статья посвящена особенностям функционирования в русском языке корпуса устойчивых выражений (УВ) в условиях новой реальности пандемии и специфике её отражения в языке с помощью использования УВ. Цель работы - изучить и установить особенности использования устойчивых выражений периода пандемии в СМИ: выявить их содержательные и структурные черты, а также с помощью лингвистического и текстового анализа определить функции их употребления. В процессе исследования установлена связь содержательных и структурных параметров УВ с особенностями отражения с их помощью новых пандемических реалий. Сделан вывод о специфическом отборе и структурировании УВ этого периода, которые соотнесены с целями их использования. Описаны четыре основные группы УВ, на которые распадаются отмеченные примеры: УВ книжного происхождения, крылатые слова (апелляция к литературному авторитету); пословицы и поговорки (обращение к народной мудрости); фразы из песен (апелляция к экспрессивным образным средствам, культурному авторитету); терминологические УВ (обращение к актуальным реалиям). Наиболее часто используемые способы структурной трансформации устойчивых выражений (замена слов и образование по модели УВ) предложено рассматривать как виды актуализации языкового материала, выдвинуто предположение, что трансформация является основной и постоянно действующей тенденцией «омолаживания» устойчивых выражений. Выявленные принципы отбора УВ и модели их модификаций, использованные для отражения новых реалий, могут быть ценными для теоретического изучения и прогнозирования дальнейшего пути развития современных языковых процессов, окажутся полезными и в практическом применении при формировании таких языковых контентов, как язык журналистики и язык рекламы. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of functioning in Russian of the corps of stable expressions (SE) in the conditions of the new reality of the pandemic, and the specifics of its reflection in the language using SE. The purpose of the work is to study and establish the features of the use of sustainable expressions of the pandemic period in the media: to identify their substantive and structural features, as well as using linguistic and textual analysis to determine the functions of their use. During the study, a link was established between the content and structural parameters in the media language with the features of reflecting new pandemic realities using SE. The conclusion is made about specific selection and structuring of SE of this period. The selection of the most used SE is made from the following sources: SE of book origin, winged words (appeal to literary authority); proverbs and sayings (appeal to folk wisdom); phrases from songs (appeal to expressive figurative means, cultural authority); terminological SE (addressing current realities). The most frequent methods of structural transformation of stable expressions (word replacement and formation according to the SE model) are proposed to be considered as types of actualization of language material, it is suggested that this transformation is the main and constant trend of "rejuvenation" of stable expressions. The identified principles of SE selection and models of their modifications used to reflect new realities can be valuable for theoretical study and prediction of the further development of modern language processes and will be useful in practical application in the formation of language content such as the language of journalism and the language of advertising.

V. S. PODSHIVALOV’S ESSAYS IN THE MAGAZINE ‘PLEASANT AND USEFUL PASTIME’

The article discusses the essays written by V. S. Podshivalov, the editor of the Moscow University magazine Pleasant and Useful Pastime and a supporter of N. M. Karamzin. The aim of this paper is to study the poetics of the essays and to show their significance in the context of the magazine. Podshivalov’s essays serve as material for researching the problem of the formation of sentimental aesthetics on the Enlightenment basis. The structure and methodology of the article are determined by the task of complex analysis of the text in the aspects of composition, rhetorical devices, themes and literary connections. The essays can be viewed as manifestos of sentimentalism. In his writings, Podshivalov develops a sentimental personality concept. All the essays are shown to be similar in terms of composition, developing a cumulative model where homogeneous structures of motives are gradually added. These structures are usually grouped into triads based on the repetition of key words. Series of such structures are, in turn, compared with each other on the principle of antithesis. The subject matter of the essays is related to the didactic literature of the Enlightenment: they concern traditional themes such as kindness, charity or, conversely, miserliness, cruelty. Satirical types of a miser, a hypocrite or an unfair critic are exposed by contrasting them with sentimental values (a sensitive heart, privacy and a close circle of friends). Podshivalov combines two traditions: Enlightenment didacticism and sentimentalism, transferring didactic issues to the sentimental conceptual sphere. The essays contain reminiscences from the works of N. M. Karamzin published around the same time as the first parts of the magazine. References to Karamzin in the university publication strengthened his moral and literary authority. The aesthetic effect of the essays is achieved by combining two contrasting elements – simplicity of content and complexity of form.

Conclusion

The Conclusion summarizes and synthesizes the arguments of the book, drawing out the central implications of dialogic processes for our understanding of medieval literature in Italy and, potentially, for poetic writing more broadly. This synthesis revisits the key claims about the importance of the tenzone as both mode of dialogue attested in specific exchanges and as a framework for thinking more broadly about intertextual dialogues in Italian texts of due- and early trecento. It presents the fruitful lack of closure in the works of Guittone, Guinizzelli, Cavalcanti, and Dante. By foregrounding the mechanisms of literary self-representation it encourages an understanding of the inherent instability of these poetic performances of subjectivity, sometimes in spite of a poet’s best efforts to control their narrative of self and literary authority.