Tradução para dublagem de autor, controle autoral e de performance nas versões dubladas dos filmes de Stanley Kubrick

Stanley Kubrick foi um dos poucos diretores de cinema que desempenhou um papel ativo na criação de versões fílmicas em língua estrangeira. Após a produção e direção de Laranja Mecânica, ele escolheu pessoalmente o diretor de dublagem para todas as versões dubladas e desempenhou um papel ativo na escolha do elenco de vozes (CHIARO, 2007; NORNES, 2007). Analisando uma variedade de fontes, este capítulo visa ilustrar a gênese das versões dubladas dos filmes de Kubrick, enfatizando o papel do diretor de cinema e seu nível de intervenção no processo de produção. Argumentar-se-á que, ao supervisionar todos os aspectos do processo de dublagem, Kubrick conferiu um status especial aos lançamentos em língua estrangeira de seus filmes, que devem ser considerados como versões autorizadas, às quais foi imposta uma marca autoral extraordinariamente inequívoca.

Book Reviews

Marina Grishakova and Maria Poulaki, eds. Narrative Complexity: Cognition, Embodiment, Evolution. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019, 468 pp., $75.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 9780803296862.Maarten Coëgnarts. Film as Embodied Art: Bodily Meaning in the Cinema of Stanley Kubrick. Brookline: Academic Studies Press, 2019, xxxv + 228 pp., $120 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-64469-112-0. [Also available for free under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license with support from Knowledge Unlatched, ISBN: 978-1-64469-113-7].Marsha F . Cassidy. Television and the Embodied Viewer: Affect and Meaning in the Digital Age. New York: Routledge, 2020, 216 pp., $155.00, ISBN: 9781138240766.Sarah Cooper. Film and the Imagined Image. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019, 208 pp., $24.95 (paperback), ISBN: 9781474452793.

Kubrick’s audible bodies: unseen subjectivities in 2001 and The Shining

Stanley Kubrick is regarded as a filmmaker of complex imagery. Yet the vitality of his more metaphysical works lies in what is unseen. There is an embodiment to Kubrick’s films that maintains a sense of subjectivity, but one which is unapparent and non-visual. This opens another way into Kubrick’s works, that of conditions of audibility (hearing/listening), affectivity, and signs. To think of embodiment from such an audible perspective requires one to subvert film spectatorship (the frame) and instead enter the reality of the film’s immanent, borderless unfolding as itself. This essay applies Gilles Deleuze’s semiotic concepts of cinema, metaphysics, and subjectivity to conditions of audibility and unseeing, a connection Deleuze largely ignored in his writings. These dual concepts of audibility and unseeing break prevailing analytical norms in cinema discourse that affirm limitations via material, visual, textual, and spatial reification: subjective-objective delineations, the body and the gaze, sound as necessarily spatial/material, and the dominance of images in regard to aesthetics, surveillance, and evidence. Instead, this essay moves through Kubrick’s constructions of milieu that are unseen in the midst of an otherwise visual unfolding, and audible in the midst of an otherwise sonic unfolding. To consider Kubrick’s films through their audible embodiment, one must detach (1) the microphone from its adherence to space, (2) the body from its visual gaze. Here, sounds, images, and objects become secondary to hearing and signs in a temporal unfolding, resulting in a cinema that is experiential rather than representational. This opens to an actuality of spirit within the world of the film, offering new opportunities for creativity in the cinematic form.

UMA IMAGEM-CONTRASTE: A IRONIA ENTRE DISJUNÇÕES SONORAS E VISUAIS

As relações entre imagens e (re)cognição são destacáveis nas críticas sobre os primados da representação, um dos pilares das contribuições da filosofia de Gilles Deleuze para os estudos do campo da educação. A partir da proposição do conceito de imagem-contraste, que articula o visual e o sonoro na apresentação da imagem cinematográfica, apresentam-se neste artigo contribuições para se deslocarem os sentidos mais usuais de percepção do mundo e das aprendizagens derivadas da relação dos sujeitos sobre o real, dedicando-se especialmente à análise de um filme de Stanley Kubrick. Indicam-se características constituidoras da imagem-contraste que questionam uma natureza humana privilegiada quando se nomeiam os sujeitos da educação. Destaca-se também o uso da ironia em sua conexão com o humor, intensificando essa imagem-contraste.

Rewriting the stars: Surface tensions and gender troubles in the online media production of digital deepfakes

This article examines a cross-section of viral Deepfake videos that utilise the recognisable physiognomies of Hollywood film stars to exhibit the representative possibilities of Deepfakes as a sophisticated technology of illusion. Created by a number of online video artists, these convincing ‘mash-ups’ playfully rewrite film history by retrofitting canonical cinema with new star performers, from Jim Carrey in The Shining (Stanley Kubrick, 1980) to Tom Cruise in American Psycho (Mary Harron, 2000). The particular remixing of stardom in these videos can – as this article contends – be situated within the technological imaginary of ‘take two’ cinephilia, and the ‘technological performativity of digitally remastered sounds and images’ in an era of ‘the download, the file swap, [and] the sampling’ (Elsaesser 2005: 36–40). However, these ‘take two’ Deepfake cyberstars further aestheticize an entertaining surface tension between coherency and discontinuity, and in their modularity function as ‘puzzling’ cryptograms written increasingly in digital code. Fully representing the star-as-rhetorical digital asset, Deepfakes therefore make strange contemporary Hollywood’s many digitally mediated performances, while the reskinning of (cisgender white male) stars sharpens the ontology of gender as it is understood through discourses of performativity (Butler 1990; 2004). By identifying Deepfakes as a ‘take two’ undoing, this article frames their implications for the cultural politics of identity; Hollywood discourses of hegemonic masculinity; overlaps with non-normative subjectivities, ‘body narratives’ and ‘second skins’ (Prosser 1998); and how star-centred Deepfakes engage gender itself as a socio-techno phenomenon of fakery that is produced – and reproduced – over time.

Barry Lyndon: o Filme Histórico de Stanley Kubrick

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar as características que marcam o filme Barry Lyndon de Stanley Kubrick no quesito veracidade histórica e representação da sociedade de cortes à luz de obras historiográficas. Nesse sentido, o ensaio buscará cotejar cenas do filme comparando com obras que analisam o período retratado dentro do longa-metragem a fim de averiguar o caráter histórico fidedigno retratado na montagem de Kubrick.