An update of the Japanese Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaires on overuse injuries and health problems

Monitoring the health of athletes is important for their protection, and questionnaires such as those produced by the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) are a valuable tool in this process. In 2020, several changes were made to the OSTRC questionnaires (OSTRC-O, OSTRC-H), including changes to the wording, structure, and logic of the original questionnaires. In the present study, the Japanese versions of the OSTRC questionnaires (OSTRC-O.JP, OSTRC-H.JP) were revised to meet the requirements of the updated versions and to analyse new and previously collected data to illustrate the impact of the changes on Japanese athletes. Proposed changes were categorized as minor or more substantial; minor changes were effected to the questionnaire instructions and to the wording of all four questions, and more substantial changes were made to the wording of question 2. The updated questionnaires also included changes to questionnaire logic and answer categories. To assess the consequences of the changes to the wording of question 2, 101 athletes were asked to complete the OSTRC-H.JP, which included both the original and updated versions of question 2, over 10 consecutive weeks. We calculated the number of health problems identified when new gatekeeper logic was and was not applied, using 1585 OSTRC-H.JP responses to assess the consequences of the changes to the questionnaire logic. The kappa coefficient, which measures the level of agreement between the responses to question 2 of the original and updated versions, was high. By applying gatekeeper logic, there was a remarkable reduction in the number of injuries and illnesses among all health problems but less reduction in substantial health problems and time loss health problems. These changes will make it easier for Japanese athletes to complete the questionnaires and improve the quality of collected data.

Validity and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Questionnaire on Overuse Injury and Health Problem in Thai Version

Background: The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) questionnaires on overuse injury and health problem were developed to register overuse injury and health problems. However, this questionnaire has not been translated or validated in Thai. Objective: To develop the original edition of the OSTRC Questionnaire on overuse injuries and health problems into Thai language and to examine the validity and reliability of the adapted scale. Materials and Methods: The development of the questionnaire followed the steps of translation, which included forward translation, translation merging, backward translation, and critique by the researcher, health professionals, speech professionals, athletes, and the translators for semantic and conceptual equivalence. A cohort of 65 Thai athletes were recruited. Cross-sectional surveillance data were used to record overuse injury and health problem. Throughout the 12-week surveillance period, all participants were assigned to complete the questionnaire within three days after receiving a questionnaire by e-mail. Robustness and reliability process was seen in the 57 athletes who completed their 12 weeks of surveillance period. Results: The OSTRC on overuse injuries and health problems Thai version (OSTRC-OT and HT) showed a high internal consistency. Cronbach’s α of the OSTRC-OT for ankle, knee, and hip regions was 0.919, 0.973, and 0.976, respectively, and the OSTRC-HT was 0.959 and an excellent test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient of the OSTRC-OT for ankle, knee, and hip regions at 0.994, 0.970, and 0.991, respectively, and the OSTRC-HT at 0.970; all p-values<0.001. Known-groups validity, the severity scores of the OSTRC-OT for ankle, knee, and hip regions, and the OSTRC-HT scores were statistically significant different between injury and non-injury groups. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of both questionnaires, the OSTRC-OT and the OSTRC-HT were at an excellent level. Moreover, the OSTRC-OT and OSTRC HT have an excellent ability to separate athletes who have an injury and health problem for those who do not. Keywords: Questionnaire, Sport, Overuse injury, Health problem

The current implementation of Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center cycling injury prevention exercises among male elite cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council

Background/purpose Cyclists are expected to present with sport-related injuries. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center provided exercises for preventing the most common injuries in cycling. We aimed to survey the compliance with Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center exercises among cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. It is expected that most cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries are implementing these exercises as part of their warm-up sessions. Methods This cross-sectional online survey collected the participants’ demographic characteristics (country, age, and sex) and assessed their compliance with the programme. Results Four-hundred and twenty-three cyclists responded, of which 52% were aged 20–29 years. The pelvic control exercise was the most implemented (56%), followed by the elephant and isolated pelvic rotation exercises (54%); the single-leg pelvic rotation exercise was the least implemented (46%). The implementation rate did not differ significantly according to age or country. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reported the highest mean implementation scores, while the United Arab Emirates reported the lowest Conclusions The implementation rate of Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center exercises was low among cyclists in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. There is a need to increase awareness between players, programme deliverers, and policymakers and educate them about the importance of implementing such programmes in injury reduction.

Japanese translation and validation of web-based questionnaires on overuse injuries and health problems

This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) and the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) into the Japanese context. The validity and reliability of these translated questionnaires examining overuse injuries and health problems among Japanese university athletes were also examined. The translation was performed following an internationally recognized methodology. A total of 145 athletes were tracked over 10 consecutive weeks and four questions were added in the 10th week to examine the questionnaires’ content validity. Test-retest analysis for reliability was performed 24–72 hours after the 10th week of registration. Internal consistency was determined by calculating Cronbach’s a during the cohort study. No major disagreements were found in the translation process. The translated questionnaires had high acceptance and compliance, with an average response rate of over 80% throughout the 10-week cohort study. Most participants reported that the questionnaires were not difficult to complete, there were no items they wanted to change or add, and that the web-based technique worked effectively. Good test-retest reliability and high internal consistency was observed in the translated questionnaires. The translated questionnaires were found to be valid, reliable, and acceptable for medically monitoring Japanese athletes.