An improved simulated load test system

A miniaturized analog load-checking relay protection test device is developed in this paper, in which a high-precision wireless phase volt-ampere test device is configured. This device, characterized by intelligence and ease of operation, realizes the detection of the transformation ratio, polarity, phase, etc. of the secondary wiring of the transformer in the smart substation merging unit and the conventional substation. It meets the testing requirements of smart substations, and can test bus differential protection, line protection, and various protections such as main transformer differential.

Characterization Procedure for Stand-Alone Merging Units Based on Hardware-in-the-Loop Technology

The digitalization of a medium voltage network requires huge efforts from distributed system operators and electric utilities. The main reason is attributed to the costs associated with the replacement or introduction of new intelligent electronic devices capable of collecting and digitalizing current and voltage measurements. To this purpose, this paper introduces a new idea of a stand-alone merging unit (SAMU), which features real-time and hardware-in-the-loop technology, completed with accurate voltage and current sensors. Furthermore, the characterization procedure that allows an evaluation of the metrological performance of a complex device, such as a SAMU, is fully described. From the results, it is highlighted that (i) the developed SAMU is capable of performing highly accurate voltage, current, and power measurements; (ii) the characterization procedure is simple and exploitable for all kinds of SAMUs and other synchronized measurement devices.

Design and Characterization of a Stand-Alone Merging Unit

<p class="Abstract">Merging Units (MUs) play a key role in enhancing the levels of security and the reliability of power systems, allowing for advanced remote diagnostics. Some of the benefits are a more efficient transmission of electricity and a better integration with renewable energy systems. In this article, an implementation of a Stand-Alone Merging Unit (SAMU), compliant with the IEC 61850-9-2 standard and based on a low-cost ARM microcontroller, is described. It acquires two signals, one voltage and one current, and it sends the samples over the ethernet connection. A high-resolution Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC), synchronised to the Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) through a Global Positioning System (GPS) disciplined oscillator, is used. The opportune insulation and conditioning stage have been designed. Several tests have been performed, varying amplitude, frequency, and phase of the input signals, in order to evaluate the metrological performance of the proposed SAMU and they are here discussed.</p>

Upgradation of Existing Substation into a Smart Substation

The evolution of existing grids to smart grids for power supply is technologically the most prominent research area. It is one of the hot projects considered to contribute in national economy, also at the top priority for the country and involves hefty investments, although the entire research and development area is still immature. The work in this paper describes smart substation and its components which is fully in compliance with IEC61850 standard. It demonstrates a functional architectural framework of smart substation with its three layers. This work compares both systems and proposes a new system in single line diagram. The way to the establishment of smart fully digitized substation is although just in the initial stage in India, but work on improvement must carry on to keep up in pace with the fast growing technology especially integration of information technology for the communication between different entities. This paper presents a model of power system in case of fault how a merging unit can send information with high speed Ethernet in the form of sampled value messages. Intelligent substation can consist of various smart equipments capable of functioning instantaneously replacing the huge web of copper wires with fibre optic cables. Hence Smart substation is the first step in the implementation of smart grid.