mara salvatrucha
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

29
(FIVE YEARS 4)

H-INDEX

2
(FIVE YEARS 0)

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
María José Méndez

Around 17,000 Salvadorans have disappeared in the third decade of the post-conflict period (2010-2020). This number more than doubles the estimated 8,000 people who disappeared during the Salvadoran Civil War (1980-1992). Despite its astounding scale, the phenomenon of disappearance in El Salvador has garnered little attention from the international community and has yet to be fully examined. This chapter redresses this invisibility by contrasting a top-down and a bottom-up view on the phenomenon. According to state government officials, disappearances primarily occur at the hands of the Mara Salvatrucha and Barrio 18 gangs. Those inhabiting the peripheries of El Salvador and suffering the deep psychological impact of having a missing relative also hold transnational gangs responsible. However, they connect the phenomenon to abuses by state forces and to complex entanglements between state agents and gangs. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in El Salvador in 2018, this chapter argues that the new generation of disappearances in El Salvador must be analysed in relation to a broader continuum of state violations and state-criminal relations. It also points to the crucial need to engage the perspectives of relatives of the disappeared to make fuller sense of the phenomenon


2021 ◽  
pp. 104-122
Author(s):  
Katherine Soltis ◽  
Madeline Taylor Diaz

This article addresses the failures of the United States immigration system to protect Central American minors who were trafficked for exploitation in criminal activities by gangs. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which the US immigration system denies humanitarian protection to Central American minors who were forced to participate in criminal activity by the Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and 18th Street gangs, and instead detains them. The article will examine this trend in the context of a larger proclivity to criminalise immigration in the US, particularly minors fleeing violence in Central America. We draw upon our experience representing Central American minors in their applications for humanitarian immigration relief to highlight how the US immigration system fails to protect this vulnerable population and penalises these children for their own victimisation.


2020 ◽  
pp. 163-186
Author(s):  
Eva María Rey Pinto ◽  
Camilo Quintero Toro
Keyword(s):  

Mortal Doubt ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Fontes

Chapter 1 introduces readers to Calavera, a former member of the Mara Salvatrucha and a central character throughout the book, and it captures the intimate consequences of out-of-control peacetime violence through Calavera’s struggle to find his murdered brother’s gravestone in the Guatemala City General Cemetery.


2018 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Galgani Muñoz
Keyword(s):  

La Mara es una de las obras de Rafael Ramírez Heredia que incursiona en elrelato neopolicial latinoamericano. El presente artículo intenta verificar cómoel autor se apropia del género incorporando sus características particulares yllevando a la novela una de las problemáticas más graves, asociadas al fenómenode la emigración en la frontera entre México y Guatemala, en dondeconfluyen aspectos relacionados con la violencia, el tráfico de drogas, laprostitución y la presencia de la Mara Salvatrucha, pandilla extendida, desdelos Estados Unidos, a varios países del área centroamericana.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (44) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hugo César Moreno Hernández
Keyword(s):  

<p align="justify">El presente artículo analiza, a través de la tensión entre hospitalidad interna y hostilidad con el exterior, las relaciones al interior de las pandillas transnacionales de El Salvador. El testimonio brindado por miembros de la Pandilla 18 y la Mara Salvatrucha 13 son las fuentes para pensar estas agrupaciones más allá de la asimilación al crimen organizado. A través de la noción lazo-de-deuda se observa cómo la hostilidad exterior impone una forma de hospitalidad de corte comunitario, en un sentido cercano al propuesto por el filósofo italiano Roberto Esposito, es decir, como una violencia hacia la sociedad como formación política. De esta manera, no se niega la proclividad de las pandillas hacia la violencia, sino que se busca comprender cómo esta violencia tiene una potencia creadora y no sólo destructiva.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Hugo César Moreno Hernández
Keyword(s):  

<p>El presente artículo presenta la visión de pandilleros salvadoreños sobre la muerte y cómo la estrecha relación que tienen con lo mortífero les lleva a una vivencia del tiempo en clave de presente casi perpetuo. Su posibilidad diacrónica sólo es posible por marcadores como el hospital, la cárcel y el cementerio. Se busca dejar oír la palabra de pandilleros salvadoreños de la Pandilla 18, tanto activos dentro del grupo como de aquellos denominados calmados. Aparece también la voz de un pandillero calmado de la Mara Salvatrucha. Es importante esta distinción en cuanto deja ver cómo la muerte se enseñorea en la vida cotidiana de estos jóvenes y adultos miembros de agrupaciones complejas simplificadas por las políticas de criminalización.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85
Author(s):  
Anthony Ramos

In 1988, the California state legislature passed the California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act (STEP), which allowed courts to “enhance” the sentences of offenders who have been proven to "promote, further, or assist in any criminal conduct by gang members." It bundled together criminality, policing, and incarceration in ways that drew upon the fears of the black/latino Others that were imminent in panics surrounding the “crack epidemic” and inner-city crime. Jumping to April 2016, the Salvadoran government has passed strikingly similar legislation, which centers on reclassifying gang-associated crimes as terroristic; in essence under their new laws gang affiliation is a terrorist. This, too, has been enacted in the midst of panic about gang violence and low-level warfare between gangs and the Salvadoran state. The adoption of US-style anti-gang approaches by the Salvadoran government is not new. In 2003, the right-wing government passed mano dura [“iron fist”] policies that sought to address increases in gang associate crime with zero-tolerance, tough-on-crime measures. Law enforcement received expanded leeway to target and arrest gang members, especially those from Mara Salvatrucha 13 (MS-13) and Barrio 18. Despite the lack of sustained reductions in violent crime, the mano durapolicies have remained and will only be exacerbated by the new legislation. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (250) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
José Luis Soberanes Fernández

<p>El tema de la migración internacional, como lo ha señalado Naciones Unidas, desde hace varios años ha tenido una presencia constante en la historia de América Latina y el Caribe. Desde la colonia y la independencia y hasta mediados del siglo XIX, después de varias décadas de ser receptores de inmigrantes de ultramar, Asia y África, la gran mayoría de los países se han convertido en exportadores de fuerza de trabajo y capital social, que en opinión de algunos expertos representó, sólo en 2005, un total cercano a 25 millones de migrantes en el continente.</p>


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document