Quintilian in Europe from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century

This chapter offers a panoramic view of the significant and diverse reception of the Institutio from the eighteenth to the twentieth century in Europe. A central figure on the European continent in the eighteenth century was the pedagogue and rhetorician of Belles Lettres Charles Rollin (1661–1741), who stressed the importance of the Institutio for education, but who also claimed that it is too long and needs to be abridged in order to be useful for Rollin’s time. Other major figures who used Quintilian’s ideas on pedagogy and the vir bonus or aspects of his rhetorical theory in various ways are the Italian G.B. Vico (1668–1744), the Scotsmen Hugh Blair (1718–1800) and George Campbell (1719–1796), the Irishman Gilbert Austin (1753–1837), the Germans Friedrich Andreas Hallbauer (1692–1750), Johann Andreas Fabricius (1696–1769), Johann Matthias Gesner (1691–1761), who produced a critical edition of the Institutio, and Johann Christian Gottsched (1700–1766). Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) is discussed to show how his education in rhetoric through Quintilian informed his views on poetry. For the nineteenth and twentieth century, the work of five German scholars is discussed to highlight the importance of the Instutito in classical and literary studies and in philosophy: Richard Volkmann’s Die Rhetorik der Griechen und Römer (1885), Ernst Robert Curtius’s Europäische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter (1948), Heinrich Lausberg’s Handbuch der literarischen Rhetorik (1960), Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Wahrheit und Methode (1960), and Otto Seel’s Quintilian oder die Kunst des Redens und Schweigens (1977).

Blair a Crusoé

Examina-se a longa e contraditória relação de Fernandes Pinheiro com o romance. De sua indiferença inicial em face do gênero, tido como inovação literária dirigida a um público semiletrado, até o posterior reconhecimento de sua investidura na figuração da modernidade, duas referências emergem: os Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres (1783), de Hugh Blair, e Robinson Crusoé (1719), de Daniel Defoe.

Embracing Hugh Blair. Rhetoric, Faith and Citizenship in 19th Century Mexico

This is a study of the key role of Hugh Blair, a Scottish Enlightened scholar and minister, in the understanding and teaching of rhetoric in a quarrelsome 19th-Century Mexico. His role as a master of multiple rhetorical forms, including legal prose, literary production and the sermon, emphasized effective communication to a broadening public audience in an age of expanding citizenship. First his Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, and then several selections of his sermons, were introduced in Spanish to the Mexican public. Somewhat surprisingly, his works were highly celebrated and widely recommended, by persons on the whole political spectrum, with virtually no discussion of Blair’s political concerns or religious faith. His approach was useful, it was made clear, in a more fluid society aimed at modernization, but simultaneously contained a top-down view of life in society which seriously restricted sensitivity to the voice of common people. This article discusses his general acclaim and those limitations within the context of local and Atlantic history, taking into account the critical views of some of the numerous authors who have studied Blair’s work and his enormous influence during the 19th century. In the perspectives offered, his impact can be judged more critically in terms of an undoubtedly changing Mexican political culture, but one simultaneously opening and closing admission to effective citizenship.

Δύο «ανέκδοτα» χειρόγραφα έργων του Νεόφυτου Βάμβα

ΔΥΟ «ΑΝΕΚΔΟΤΑ» ΧΕΙΡΟΓΡΑΦΑ ΕΡΓΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΝΕΟΦΥΤΟΥ ΒΑΜΒΑ Στὸ Τμῆμα Χειρογράφων τῆς Ἐθνικῆς Βιβλιοθήκης τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀπόκεινται δύο χειρόγραφα μὲ ἔργα τοῦ Νεοφύτου Βάμβα (1776-1855): α) Ἐγχειρίδιον ῾Ρητορικῆς (ΕΒΕ 4072) καὶ β) Στοιχεῖα τῆς Ἰδεολογίας (ΕΒΕ 4295), ἕνα φιλοσοφικὸ σύγγραμμα σχετικὰ μὲ τὴ γλώσσα. Πρόκειται γιὰ δύο διδακτικὰ ἐγχειρίδια, ἀπὸ τὰ πιὸ γνωστὰ καὶ σημαντικὰ ἔργα ἑνὸς ἀπὸ τοὺς πρωτεργάτες τοῦ Νεοελληνικοῦ Διαφωτισμοῦ, μὲ μεγάλη πιθανότητα νὰ ἔχουν συντεθεῖ γύρω στὰ 1830. Ὕστερα ἀπὸ λεπτομερὴ ἀντιβολὴ τῶν χειρογράφων τῆς ΕΒΕ μὲ τὰ γνωστὰ καὶ ἐκδεδομένα ἔργα τοῦ Νεόφυτου Βάμβα, καταλήγουμε στὰ παρακάτω συμπεράσματα: α) τὸ πρῶτο περιέχει ἕνα κείμενο τῆς ῾Ρητορικῆς, τὸ ὁποῖο σὲ ἀρκετὰ σημεῖα μοιάζει μὲ ἐκεῖνο τῆς πρώτης ἔκδοσης (1813) καὶ σὲ ἄλλα σημεῖα μὲ ἐκεῖνο τῆς δεύτερης (1841), ἀλλὰ στὴν οὐσία πρόκειται γιὰ μιὰ ἄλλη μορφὴ ποὺ δὲν ἐκδόθηκε ποτέ. Ἐπιπλέον, τὸ τρίτο μέρος τοῦ χφ περιέχει ἀποσπάσματα ἀπὸ ἔργο τοῦ Hugh Blair, ὅπως δείχνει καὶ ἡ ἀναγραφὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ χφ: Περὶγεύσεως (ἐκ τοῦ Βλαίρου). β) Τὸ δεύτερο χφ, γραμμένο ἀπὸ δύο χέρια –ἕνα τρίτο πρόσθεσε τὸν τίτλο Στοιχεῖα Ἰδεολογίας–, περιέχει συμπιληματικὸ κείμενο φιλοσοφικοῦ περιεχομένου, ποὺ εἶναι δύσκολο νὰ ταυτισθεῖ καὶ πάντως ἔχει σχέση μὲ τὴν ἰδεολογικὴ προσέγγιση τῆς γλώσσας.Τὰ δύο χειρόγραφα τῆς ΕΒΕ, τὰ ὁποῖα χρονολογοῦνται στὴ δεκαετία τοῦ 1830, πιθανὸν ἀντιγράφτηκαν ἀπὸ μαθητὲς τοῦ Βάμβα, καθὼς ὅπως γνωρίζουμε, ὁ ἴδιος ἔδινε στοὺς μαθητές του στὴν Ἰόνια Ἀκαδημία νὰ ἀντιγράφουν κείμενα ποὺ χρησιμοποιοῦσε στὰ μαθήματά του καὶ μποροῦμε νὰ θεωρήσουμε ὅτι ἀποτελοῦν καὶ τεκμήρια ἀπὸ τὴν παρουσία του στὴν Ἰόνιο Ἀκαδημία. MARTA DIELI

La introducción del liberalismo inglés en Barcelona: "Lo bello y lo sublime", de Manuel Casamada

Resumen A principios del siglo xixlos literatos de la capital de España estaban divididos en dos facciones: una progresista y otra conservadora. Estas posiciones ideológicas contaminaron la literatura. Los progresistas utilizaron como bandera un texto retórico del predicador escocés Hugo Blair (1718-1800); los conservadores, un texto del esteta francés Charles Batteux (1713-1780). El uso de Blair representó también una vía más de introducción del pensamiento liberal inglés y la divulgación de Edmund Burke, de especial interés para la oposición entre lo bello y lo sublime. Hasta ese momento, los conceptos de lo bello y lo sublime se entendían como conceptos encadenados. En Barcelona, la influencia de Blair se ve en la obra del fraile liberal Manuel Casamada (1772-1841) y en el discurso, inédito, que pronunció en la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona (1837), que ha sido incluido, transcrito y anotado, en este artículo. Palabras clave: Hugo Blair, Manuel Casamada, bello, sublime, estética Abstract In early nineteenth century, the writers of the capital of Spain were divided into two factions: one conservative and one progressive. These ideological positions were transferred to literature. The progressives used as flag a rhetorical text of the Scottish preacher Hugh Blair (1718-1800), the conservatives, a text of the French esthete Charles Batteux (1713-1780). Blair’s use represents one route of introduction of liberal English thought and the popularization of Edmund Burke, work of particular interest to the opposition between the beautiful and the sublime. Until then, the concepts of beauty and the sublime understood as linked concepts. In Catalonia, Blair's influence is seen in the work of the Liberal priest Manuel Casamada (1772-1841) and in the speech, unedited, who spoke at the Real Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona(1837), which has been included, transcribed and annotated, in this article. Key words: Hugh Blair, Manuel Casamada, beautiful, sublime, aesthetic

Conclusion

Writers on historical affairs in the eighteenth century increasingly came to conceive of commerce as a sphere of activity which was more dependent on the manners and desires of a nation's people than it was on the specific actions of its monarchs. The book's conclusion discusses this development with reference to a range of writers (including Hugh Blair, Adam Anderson and Catharine Macaulay) and considers its consequences. Chief among these, it is argued, was a shift in attitudes towards economic statecraft, and a series of new approaches to the histories of finances and commerce.