Saving Nation, Faith and Family. Yoram Hazony’s National Conservativism and Its Theo-Political Mission

Particularly pushed by the Edmund Burke Foundation and its president Yoram Hazony, the political movement of National Conservativism is largely based on specific concepts of nation, faith and family. Driven by the mission to overcome the violence of liberalism, identified with imperialism, national conservatives shape potent international and interreligious alliances for a religiously based system of independent national states. The article gives an outline of the main programmatic pillars of National Conservativism at the example of Yoram Hazony’s The Virtue of Nationalism, one of the current ideological key works of the movement. It will show how its political framework is based on a binary frame of liberalism (identified with imperialism) versus nationalism, the latter supported as the way forward towards protecting freedom, faith and family. The analytic part will focus on the use of religious motifs and the construction of a specific kind of Judaeo-Christianism as a means of exclusivist theo-political nationalism. It will be shown that Hazony’s nationalism is no way to overcome violence, but a political theory close to theo-political authoritarianism, based on abridged readings of Scripture, history and philosophy. It severely endangers the foundations of democracies, especially with regard to minority and women’s rights, and delegitimizes liberal democracy and religious traditions positively contributing to it.

ONLINE COMIC/CARTOONS (Covid-19) AS A MEDIUM OF SATIRE CONSCIOUSNESS

This study aims to examine the meaning and style of satire delivery through comics and cartoons websites by making the theme of the Covid-19 pandemic uploaded through social media. Apart from that, the researcher will trace the history of the beginning of cartoons and comics in Malaysia starting from the pre-independence and post-independence era in brief until the era of digitization. The approach of this study and writing is to understand the appreciation of the form and meaning of the work and also the context of its production. Using art history methodology based on contextual analysis is the basis of this study. Includes aspects of description, analysis, interpretation, and consideration used as a guide in the research of the work. Apart from that, there are also themes related to cultural and social aspects which are very close to the souls of Malaysians by using Edmund Burke Feldman's method of analysis. The findings of this study indicate that advances in the use of technology do not ignore the link between the visual art of website cartoons and current issues plaguing the world.

DA MORALIDADE NO GOVERNO: O CASO DO IMPEACHMENT MOVIDO POR EDMUND BURKE CONTRA WARREN HASTINGS

Este artigo busca compreender como Edmund Burke defendeu a moralidade nos governos em um longo processo de impeachment contra Warren Hastings. Essa defesa, exposta nos <em>Discursos sobre o impeachment de Warren Hastings</em>, texto sobre o qual este artigo se baseia, centrou-se na ideia de uma moralidade – da qual faz parte um senso de justiça – inata e comum a todos os homens, independentemente de lugar ou época. O combate jurídico de Burke contra os defensores de Hastings opôs essa ideia à concepção de uma moralidade fluida - variando conforme a cultura de cada povo - a serviço das razões de estado. Para Burke, como para Cícero, há uma moralidade comum acima de qualquer discussão, e essa moralidade, capaz de identificar crimes e injustiças em qualquer lugar e em qualquer época, é conveniente e eficaz em quaisquer circunstâncias. Como Santo Agostinho, o parlamentar britânico via na justiça e na moralidade o fundamento dos governos, e nenhuma razão de estado poderia se contrapor a isso. Na visão do pensador irlandês, a moralidade e a justiça, em última instância fundamentadas em Deus, foram solapadas, em nome do dinheiro, pelo governo de Hastings na Índia, e a reconstituição histórica proposta neste artigo destaca os pontos controversos que serviram de substrato para as acusações de Burke no processo de impeachment.

The Debate over Theory Before Malthus and Ricardo

This chapter establishes a new context for reading the political economy of Malthus and Ricardo. It is the extended debate over the role of theory and practice in politics and political reform, a contest that Edmund Burke launched by publishing his hostile response to the French Revolution, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). In attempting to defend theory, both Mackintosh and Stewart engaged in sophisticated rhetoric that attempted to portray Burke’s veneration of custom and usage as philosophically naïve at the same time as they insisted on the necessity of theory for a science of politics. It is in these defensive postures that both Mackintosh and Stewart came to articulate the idea of a ‘theorist’ of politics.

Reconsidering Burke’s and Arendt’s Theories on “The Rights of Man”: A Surprising Plot Twist?

Edmund Burke can perhaps be considered as the father of modern conservatism. Hannah Arendt was a very eclectic thinker who embraced ideas from the traditions of liberalism and republicanism. They both commented on the issue of the “Rights of Man” and rejected their abstract and metaphysical nature. And, it was Arendt who saw a ‘certain pragmatism’ in Burke’s ideas. Is this coincidence of opinion a surprising plot twist? An unintentional ‘alliance’ against the naturalness of the “Rights of Man?” This paper first discusses the real relationship between Burke’s and Arendt’s theories on human rights. In the first part, the ideas of the two thinkers are presented and examined. In the second part, the main convergences and divergences are identified. Through a careful reading of the Burkean and Arendtian corpus, it is shown that Arendt agreed with Burke that human rights cannot be abstract or metaphysical. On the other hand, Arendt, being autonomous in her critique, argued for one universal and inalienable right, that is ‘the right to have rights,’ i.e. the right to belong to political community. In overall, the analysis endeavors to provide an answer to the question as to what degree did Arendt endorse Burke’s theories on the “Rights of Man.”

Understanding the Meaning and Symbols of Animals in Visual Artwork: A Case Study of Five Selected Works in the SI + SA 2020 Exhibition

Visual artwork is a platform to convey the meaning of the theme chosen in producing the work. However, it is difficult to understand the meaning through the symbols highlighted by the artist. Based on that situation the objective of this study is to collect information on visual artworks that apply animal symbols in the SI + SA 2020 exhibition. Five artists have been identified using animal symbols in the production of their artwork. This study is based on qualitative research approach using four types of data; namely the study of literature that explains the meaning and symbol of animals from the point of view of previous scientific writing. The second method is based on information obtained from the artist statement in the SI + SA 2020 Exhibition catalogue. The third method, the researcher interviewed (partially structured) five artists who have been selected using animal symbols in their artwork. The fourth method is to use the theory of Edmund Burke Feldman (1994) which has four stages in the theory, namely description, analysis, interpretation and evaluation. Triangulation (qualitative) studies are conducted to obtain more data and the validity of the findings obtained. The result shows an understanding of the meaning and symbol varies according to the needs of the individual or society. Some artists associate symbols in the context of personal experiences or observations of an event. Symbols can also carry meaning in the context of social sciences. In the production of their artworks, the use of symbols is a method to convey a message and an easier way to communicate. Conclusion clearly shows that the meaning of these animal symbols depends on different personal perceptions - different from the references studied. It can reveal to the general public that the use of animal symbols applied in the work can carry various meanings. Researchers suggest for future studies to conduct comprehensive research on the use of symbols in contemporary visual arts Malaysia.

Cultural Value In The Making Of Brunei Ethnic Traditional Cake In Sabah

Sabah memiliki lebih dari 35 etnis atau ras yang mendasari keragaman adat dan budaya, sehingga menciptakan keunikan dan kompleksitas identitas, budaya, filosofi dan pemikiran masing-masing etnis. Masyarakat Brunei dalam penelitian ini terkenal dengan kue tradisionalnya dalam berbagai rupa, bentuk dan rasa yang diwariskan secara turun temurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai budaya etnis Brunei dalam pembuatan kue tradisional yang mencerminkan identitas etnis Brunei. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan lokal dari aspek pembuatan kue tradisional etnis Brunei merupakan bagian dari filosofi dan pemikiran kreatif yang secara tidak langsung menjadi identitas dan identitas budaya yang perlu dikaji. Lokasi penelitian ini melibatkan dua desa etnis Brunei yaitu di Kampung Lubuk dan Kampung Weston yang terletak di distrik Beaufort, Sabah. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan yang diperkenalkan oleh Edmund Burke Feldman (1967). Pendekatan ini menyarankan empat tingkat analisis yaitu: Tingkat Deskriptif, Analisis Formal, Interpretasi dan Evaluasi. Setiap elemen seperti teknik pembuatan, bahan dan tampilan kue tradisional akan dibahas sesuai dengan tingkat yang diusulkan untuk menjelaskan nilai adat dan budaya etnis Brunei di Distrik Beaufort. Studi lapangan kualitatif ini menggunakan data penelitian berupa wawancara, observasi dan keterlibatan partisipatif oleh peneliti. Informan dipilih berdasarkan keahlian dan pengalaman mereka dalam membuat kue tradisional serta pengetahuan mereka tentang adat istiadat dan upacara budaya etnis Brunei. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pembuatan kue tradisional etnis Brunei menampilkan nilai-nilai budaya yang menjadi identitas etnis Brunei yang perlu dilestarikan.