On being a transgender man in the Czech pagan community

This paper presents a specific situation concerning the Czech Pagan community, mainly through the narrative of the actors. Using the emic approach, the aim of the paper is to show an insider’s perspective of the ways in which Czech Pagans relate to the problematics of transgender, and its connection with the vaguely understood concept of shamanism. Due to the problematic nature of the informants’ experience, the paper uses the narrative and episodic interview approach. Free narration enabled the interviewee to use their own spontaneous language to tell the stories of their life with minimal influence from the interviewer.

Development of Using Endings (“Eomi”) in Spontaneous Language Samples from 2- to 3-Year-Old Korean Children

Objectives: “Eomi” is known as an important grammatical marker in early Korean language development in that it can change the meaning of words, and their function in sentences. The purpose of this study was to investigate Eomi use in spontaneous language samples of young children.Methods: Fifty young children aged 2;6-3;11 participated and were classified into three age groups; late 2-year, early 3-year, and late 3-year groups. Spontaneous language samples were collected during reciprocal book reading procedure with examiners. The number of total Eomi (NTE), and the number of different Eomi (NDE) were counted for overall Eomi and its subcategories; Prefinal Eomi (PE), Connecting Eomi (CE), Transformative Eomi (TE), Sentence closing Eomi (SE). ANOVA and regression analysis were employed for investigating group difference and predicting variables for age, overall NTE and NDE.Results: The overall NTE significantly increased between the late 2-year group and the late 3-year group, and the overall NDE increased significantly between the late 2-yearold group and both 3-year groups. Analysis in Eomi subcategories showed a significant age effect in NTE and NDE of CE and TE. Regression analysis demonstrated that the NDE of TE (57.3%) and CE (6.1%) explained chronological age.Conclusion: Use of Eomi significantly increased during early childhood. The results imply that NDE along with NTE of overall and subcategories of Eomi should be considered in language assessment.

Il modello CLIL in contesto scolastico ungherese

In this article I present findings of a survey regarding native and non-native teachers in bilingual education, in relation to a subtype of CLIL programs in a Hungarian school context. I focus specifically on the use of Italian as a Foreign Language used as a vehicular language. Through audio recordings of 10 lessons and six interviews carried out during teacher observations in three high schools and in one elementary school, I examine the spontaneous language behaviour of native and non-native teachers in disciplinary subjects, such as History, Geography, Civilization and Ethics, during lessons carried out in Italian.

Thalamic but Not Subthalamic Neuromodulation Simplifies Word Use in Spontaneous Language

Several investigations have shown language impairments following electrode implantation surgery for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in movement disorders. The impact of the actual stimulation, however, differs between DBS targets with further deterioration in formal language tests induced by thalamic DBS in contrast to subtle improvement observed in subthalamic DBS. Here, we studied speech samples from interviews with participants treated with DBS of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) for essential tremor (ET), or the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson’s disease (PD), and healthy volunteers (each n = 13). We analyzed word frequency and the use of open and closed class words. Active DBS increased word frequency in case of VIM, but not STN stimulation. Further, relative to controls, both DBS groups produced fewer open class words. Whereas VIM DBS further decreased the proportion of open class words, it was increased by STN DBS. Thus, VIM DBS favors the use of relatively common words in spontaneous language, compatible with the idea of lexical simplification under thalamic stimulation. The absence or even partial reversal of these effects in patients receiving STN DBS is of interest with respect to biolinguistic concepts suggesting dichotomous thalamic vs. basal ganglia roles in language processing.