scholarly journals Development of Using Endings (“Eomi”) in Spontaneous Language Samples from 2- to 3-Year-Old Korean Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-557
Author(s):  
Jihye Choi ◽  
So Jung Oh ◽  
YoonKyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Spontaneous Language

Objectives: “Eomi” is known as an important grammatical marker in early Korean language development in that it can change the meaning of words, and their function in sentences. The purpose of this study was to investigate Eomi use in spontaneous language samples of young children.Methods: Fifty young children aged 2;6-3;11 participated and were classified into three age groups; late 2-year, early 3-year, and late 3-year groups. Spontaneous language samples were collected during reciprocal book reading procedure with examiners. The number of total Eomi (NTE), and the number of different Eomi (NDE) were counted for overall Eomi and its subcategories; Prefinal Eomi (PE), Connecting Eomi (CE), Transformative Eomi (TE), Sentence closing Eomi (SE). ANOVA and regression analysis were employed for investigating group difference and predicting variables for age, overall NTE and NDE.Results: The overall NTE significantly increased between the late 2-year group and the late 3-year group, and the overall NDE increased significantly between the late 2-yearold group and both 3-year groups. Analysis in Eomi subcategories showed a significant age effect in NTE and NDE of CE and TE. Regression analysis demonstrated that the NDE of TE (57.3%) and CE (6.1%) explained chronological age.Conclusion: Use of Eomi significantly increased during early childhood. The results imply that NDE along with NTE of overall and subcategories of Eomi should be considered in language assessment.

scholarly journals Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona-Sanae Aoyagi ◽  
Nori Takei ◽  
Tomoko Nishimura ◽  
Yoko Nomura ◽  
Kenji J. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

Background While it has been implied that an infant’s exposure to maternal postpartum depression (PPD) may be associated with delayed development of expressive language, it remains unclear whether such a delay persists into childhood and whether the onset of PPD onset—early (within 4 weeks after childbirth) vs. late (between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum)—is relevant in this context. Objective To examine whether children of mothers with early- or late-onset PPD have reduced expressive language scores during infancy and early childhood (up to 40 months of age). Methods This longitudinal, observational study was conducted as a part of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study), a population-representative sample in Japan. A total of 969 neonates and their mothers were included in the analysis. Exposures Early- and late-onset PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Main Outcomes and Measures Expressive language development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Six points over time were monitored (10, 14, 18, 24, 32, and 40 months postpartum). The relationship between the exposure variable and any change in expressive language score was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis and growth curve analysis, both adjusted for covariates. Results Results from the adjusted regression analysis showed that children of mothers with late-onset PPD had significantly lower expressive language scores at 18 months of age and beyond, with a score reduction of approximately 0.6 standard deviations from the reference value at 40 months of age (95% CI [−0.888 to −0.265], p < .001). This association was confirmed on growth curve analysis, which revealed a significant, monotonic decline of expressive language development between 10 and 40 months of age among children of mothers with late-onset PPD, but not among children of mothers with early-onset PPD. Conclusion Exposure to late-onset PPD may lead to a persistent decline in the rate of expressive language development in offspring during infancy and early childhood, highlighting the significance of monitoring for late-onset PPD to facilitate early detection and intervention.

Does mixing age groups in early childhood education settings support children’s language development?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Justice ◽  
Jessica A. Logan ◽  
Kelly Purtell ◽  
Dorthe Bleses ◽  
Anders Højen
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Childhood Education

The Token and Reporter's Tests

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
Penelope K. Hall ◽  
Linda S. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Token Test ◽  
Normal Language

The performance of 123 language-disordered children on the DeRenzi and Faglioni form of the Token Test and the DeRenzi and Ferrari Reporter's Test were analyzed using two scoring conventions, and then compared with the performances of children with presumed normal language development. Correlations with other commonly used language assessment instruments are cited. Use of the Token and Reporter's Tests with children exhibiting language disorders is suggested.

Analysis of Korean Language Assessment with 2015 Curriculum Revision

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 223-248
Author(s):  
Yeong - Hwan Yang ◽  
◽  
Jeong - Ae Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Assessment ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Curriculum Revision

scholarly journals Epicardial adipose tissue differentiates in patients with and without coronary microvascular dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Mahmoud ◽  
Iryna Dykun ◽  
Luisa Kärner ◽  
Stefanie Hendricks ◽  
Matthias Totzeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fat Depot

Abstract Background/Objectives Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common disorder, leading to symptoms similar to obstructive coronary artery disease and bears important prognostic implications. Local inflammation is suggested to promote development of CMD. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a local visceral fat depot surrounding the heart and the coronary arteries, modifying the inflammatory environment of the heart. We compared EAT in patients with and without CMD. Methods We retrospectively included consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography as well as transthoracic echocardiography between March and October 2016. EAT thickness was defined as space between the epicardial wall of the myocardium and the visceral layer of the pericardium and EAT index was calculated as EAT thickness/body surface area. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of EAT index with the presence of CMD. Results Overall, 399 patients (mean age 60.2 ± 14.0 years, 46% male) were included. EAT thickness was significantly higher in patients with CMD compared to patients without CMD (EAT thickness 4.4 ± 1.8 vs. 4.9 ± 2.4 mm, p = 0,048 for patients without and with CMD, respectively). In univariate regression analysis, EAT index was associated with a 30% higher frequency of CMD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.30 [1.001–1.69], p = 0.049). Effect sizes remained stable upon adjustment for body mass index (BMI, 1.30 [1.003–1.70], p = 0.048), but were attenuated when ancillary adjusting for age and gender (1.17 [0.90–1.54, p = 0.25). The effect was more pronounced in patients >65 years of age and independent of BMI and sex (1.85 [1.14–3.00], p = 0.013). Conclusion EAT thickness is independently associated with CMD and can differentiate between patients with and without CMD especially in older age groups. Our results support the hypothesis that modulation of local inflammation by epicardial fat is involved in the development of CMD.

scholarly journals Analyzing input quality along three dimensions: interactive, linguistic, and conceptual

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L. ROWE ◽  
Catherine E. SNOW
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Input Quality ◽  
Children's Development

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the features of caregiver input that facilitate language learning across early childhood. We discuss three dimensions of input quality: interactive, linguistic, and conceptual. All three types of input features have been shown to predict children's language learning, though perhaps through somewhat different mechanisms. We argue that input best designed to promote language learning is interactionally supportive, linguistically adapted, and conceptually challenging for the child's age/level. Furthermore, input features interact across dimensions to promote learning. Some but not all qualities of input vary based on parent socioeconomic status, language, or culture, and contexts such as book-reading or pretend play generate uniquely facilitative input features. The review confirms that we know a great deal about the role of input quality in promoting children's development, but that there is much more to learn. Future research should examine input features across the boundaries of the dimensions distinguished here.

scholarly journals Physical Activity of Serbian Children in Daycare

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Milenko Janković ◽  
Maja Batez ◽  
Dušan Stupar ◽  
Jelena Obradović ◽  
Nebojša Trajković
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novi Sad

Background: Monitoring of physical activity within the educational institution is of great importance, primarily because of the orientation and content implemented in the daycare. This research aimed to examine the number of steps children took during their stay in daycare with regards to age, gender and the frequency of going out. Methods: The research was conducted in four daycares in the urban environment of Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia), where 231 children, aged 5 to 7, were monitored (129 boys and 102 girls). Data on the number of steps were obtained using the pedometers. Results: The result of the univariate analysis of the variance test confirmed a statistically significant difference in the number of steps in relation to the age of children (p = 0.04). Boys were more active than girls in both age groups (p = 0.001). Children who were going to the daycare yard three to five times a week took drastically more steps than children who went up to twice a week (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the current study show that age, gender, and time spent outdoors are significant determinants of physical activity in preschool age. Therefore, interventions regarding physical activity should be made during early childhood in order to promote health and prevent disease.

Directionality of cross-linguistic influence: Which referring choices do bilingual Ukrainian–English children make?

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksolana Mykhaylyk ◽  
Elinor Ytterstad
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Object Language ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Null Object ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims and research questions: This paper presents a new study addressing the issue of cross-linguistic influence in acquisition of referring expressions. The main research question is how to predict directionality of this influence in a dual language development. Methodology: The method is an elicited production task. We consider the phenomenon of direct object referring choices, i.e. noun, pronoun and null element, in a ‘null-object’–‘overt-object’ language pair (Ukrainian and English). Data and Analysis: Participants of the experiment are 4–6-year-old Ukrainian–English bilinguals (N20) and Ukrainian monolinguals (N21). The data are analyzed in the statistical program R, utilizing the R-library function lme4. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) of each direct object type. Findings: Our data reveal that while there is no significant difference in Ukrainian object types in most of the age groups, there is a considerable amount of null object usage in English at the ages of four to five. Originality: The innovative nature of this study lies in: (i) the consideration of a licit object omission at a later stage of language development (from 4 to 6 years of age); (ii) the examination of an under-investigated language combination (i.e. English and Ukrainian); and (iii) the innovative approach to linguistic data analysis (e.g. comparing OR values). Implications: Our findings suggest that the directionality of influence in dual language acquisition depends on the developmental stage, language-specific means of syntax–pragmatics interaction, and extra-linguistic input-related factors. At the early stages of development, the null-object language is likely to influence the overt-object language, especially under conditions of limited exposure to the latter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document