КАТЕRYNOSLAV OR ELYSAVETGRAD REBELLION 1918? GEOGRAPHIC MISHAP VOLODYMYR ANTONOV-OVSEENKO BOOK “NOTES ABOUT CIVILL WAR”

The purpose of the work. The article aims to study the problems of Ukrainian Revolution in 1917–1921 on a territory of Kirovograd or Dnipropetrovsk region. The type of article is empirical. An unrenowned episode from the history of Ukrainian Revolution in 1917–1921 is analyzed in the article, in particular, the participation of the citizens of Katerunoslavska province in Kamianske town in the events of “National rebellion” in 1918 in Elysavetgrad against Bolsheviks and anarchists. Results and scientific novelty of the study. The author attracted attention to the geographical mistake in the memoirs of V. Antonov-Ovseenko “Notes About Civil War”. The scientific novelty, that author explaine, that he confused the names of the cities: Katerynoslav and Elysavetgrad. The reasons and consequences of the participation of workers of Dniprovskyi plant in Kamianske city in the events of Elysavetgrad national rebellion are determined in the article on the basis of sources. For a long time Bolsheviks concealed, shifted responsibility to their political opponents and then erased from the pages of censored memoirs of participants of revolutionary events the episode of battles between Kamianske and Elysavetgrad workers because it did not fit into the concept of “class struggle” in the history of revolution in Ukraine. The main result of Kamianske workers deception was the numerous victims on both sides. Only the leaflet spread by Elysavetgrad headquarters of the city protection among Kamianske citizens and the end of battles near Elysavetgrad stopped the following bloodshed. Nevertheless, in their memoirs Bolsheviks from Kamianske continued to accentuate that those were they who had established the Soviet power in Elysavetgrad, continued to be proud of the participation in the attempt of helping Bolsheviks to invade Elysavetgrad. The author originality is refutes these statements on the basis of resources. The material of the article may have practical application in scientific studios on the history of Ukrainian Revolution in 1917–1921 on a territory of Kirovograd or Dnipropetrovsk regionKey words: revolution, rebellion, bolshevics, anarchists, Red guard, mishap, Katerynoslav, Elysavetgrad, Kamianske. Мета роботи. Стаття присвячена аналізу маловідомого епізоду революційного періоду 1917–1921 рр. на теренах сучасних Кіровоградської та Дніпропетровської областей. Проаналізовано документи Єлисаветградської міської думи, мемуари учасників подій: Володимира Антонова-Овсієнка та червоногвардійців Дніпровського металургійного заводу м. Кам’янське. В статті на основі джерел розглянуто цей епізод Української революції 1917–1921 рр., визначено причини та наслідки участі робітників Дніпровського заводу м. Кам’янське в подіях Єлисаветградського народного повстання.Результати та наукова новизна дослідження. З’ясовані обставини участі робітників Кам’янського заводу у придушенні «Народного повстання» в Єлисаветграді. Вони були в складі червоногвардійських частин, яких кинули на підтримку більшо-викам та анархістам, що протягом кількох днів безуспішно намагалися оволодіти Єлисаветградом. Доведено, що Володимир Антонов-Овсієнко автор спогадів «Записки про громадянську війну» припустився помилки, що стало причиною географічного казусу. Він сплутав назви міст: Катеринослав та Єлисаветград. Також встановлено, що червоногвардійці Кам’янського стали жертвами більшовицької провокації, які використали їхню необізнаність у ситуації, яка склалася в Єлисаветграді та відправили на фронт. З’ясовано долю кам’янчан, які брали участь в боях під Єлисаветградом.Емпірична стаття написана на різноманітних першоджерелах. Здійснено верифікацію спогадів кам’янських більшовиків, які неправдиво описали результат бою та рушійні сили Єлисаветградського народного повстання. Матеріал статті має прак-тичне застосування. Зокрема, копії документів, використані автором, поповнили експозиції Кам’янського краєзнавчого музею, а факти та узагальнення використовуються під час екскурсії. Під час написання статті було використано метод історичної критики джерел та текстологічного аналізу, застосовано регіональний метод Ключові слова: «народне повстання», більшовики, червоногвардійці, анархісти, «революція, Єлисаветград, Катеринослав, Кам’янське.

“Liberating the Small Devils”: Red Guard Newspapers and Radical Publics, 1966–1968

Red Guard newspapers and pamphlets (wenge xiaobao) were a key source for early research on the Cultural Revolution, but they have rarely been analysed in their own right. How did these publications regard their status and function within the larger information ecosystem of the People's Republic, and what is their role in the history of the modern Chinese public sphere? This article focuses on a particular subset of Red Guard papers, namely those published by radical groups within the PRC's press and publication system. These newspapers critiqued the pre-Cultural Revolution press and reflected upon the possible futures of a new, revolutionary Chinese press. Short-lived as these experiments were, they constitute a test case to re-examine the functioning of the public in a decidedly “uncivil” polity. Ultimately, they point to the ambiguous potential of the public for both consensus and conflict, liberation and repression, which characterizes the press in 20th-century China.

Factions

This chapter begins by discussing how Feng County's leaders established a Cultural Revolution committee. The first party secretary, Gao Ying, was the head, and the vice-heads were Shao Wen and one other party standing committee member. The county leadership was able to maintain top-down control of the campaign for almost half a year. Not until the end of December 1966, several months after such events in China's large cities, did Red Guard and rebel groups begin to target Feng County's party leadership. The rebellion of students and others was very slow to develop, but the first stirrings were in the county seat, at Feng County Middle School. Feng County's rebel movement was so small, and so late in developing, that there were no factional divisions of the kind that emerged in China's large cities early in the autumn of 1966. The chapter then looks at the formation of the first broad alliance of local rebels, one that would play a key role in the county's factional conflicts over the next decade. The alliance became one of the county's two large factions, henceforth known by its abbreviated name, Paolian.

Discerning Space, Situating Self

Zhang Chengzhi is a well-known writer with multiple literary and cultural labels attached to his name, including educated youth writer, root-seeking writer, ethnic Hui writer, red guard, Muslim, fundamentalist, and spokesman for Jahriyya. Zhang is, however, famous for depicting three lands which have been considered to be fascinating images and primary backgrounds in his writing. This article proposes that the landscape is not merely background to serve his themes; instead it constructs an independent and symbolic world, while the inner world and outer world fuse together. Zhang discovers/represents the sublime landscape as a productive space to crystallize his idea of the sublime. In this way, landscapes effectively provide a material as well as a symbolic approach, allowing us to discern his sublime writing with a multicultural writing identity. This article aims to elaborate upon the ways in which Zhang transforms factual, natural, and geographical lands – as significant geographies to him – into aesthetic, ethical, ethnic cultural, and religious landscapes, how he imagines and constructs a cross-cultural sublime identity in both the local and global contexts, and in what way the representation of the sublime embodies his tactic of living and writing by transcending geographical, ethical, and cultural boundaries.

«Red guard attack on alcohol». Anti-alcohol campaign in the USSR during perestroika (1985—1988)

This publication reveals the objective need for an anti-alcohol policy that began in May 1985 at the initiative of the new political leadership of the USSR. This antialcohol policy differed from previous ones in its radicalism and haste.

The story of a real man: “The Drummer’s Fate” by Arkady Gaidar

Gaidar’s military career was considered as incredibly successful in Soviet times. However, it is obvious that Gaidar did not stand the test of war. That is why, on the eve of the coming big war, the writer Gaidar set himself the task of becoming the tutor of future soldiers. It was a challenging task to accomplish. Gaidar could not be unaware that the fathers of many children, whom he was going to train the “Strong Red Guard,” were unjustly condemned during the years of the Stalinist repressions. The tragedy of the situation was aggravated by the splitting consciousness of the Soviet man, condemned to be both the executioner and the victim at the same time. It is impossible to cope with an external enemy unless one first defeats the internal enemy. Of course, enemies carefully disguise themselves, but this is not the main difficulty in fighting them. Gaidar’s artistic world is based on the bizarre dialectic of good and evil. There are often strange similarities between his positive heroes and antiheroes. To a certain extent, the old gangster Yakov is a double of the main character of the story Sergei Shcherbachev. Moreover, Sergey suffers from a clear personality splitting. By the end of the story, his dissociative identity disorder develops essentially pathological forms. Only in the final of the story does the hero overcome his duality. He is undoubtedly ready for the big war. Sergei Shcherbachev is sure not to have a traumatic neurosis, like Arkady Gaidar.