Body Image Projection Bias in Heterosexual Romantic Relationships: A Dyadic Investigation

Guided by projection bias perspectives, this article sought to advance understanding of the associations between body image and relationship and sexual satisfaction within heterosexual romantic relationships. Across two studies, both members of heterosexual dating and/or married couples reported on their body image, perceptions of partner’s attraction to the self, own attraction toward the partner, and relationship satisfaction. Study 2 also incorporated measures of participants’ body mass index (BMI) and sexual satisfaction. Across both studies, women with poorer body image perceived their partner to be less attracted to them (irrespective of their partner’s actual attraction to them, or how attracted they were to their partner), which in turn was associated with lower relationship and sexual satisfaction. For men, attraction to their partner was consistently associated with their own relationship satisfaction. Results demonstrate that projection biases are a possible mechanism through which body image is associated with romantic relationship and sexual satisfaction, and hint at the particular relevance of appearance-related projection biases for women’s relationship and sexual satisfaction.

Measuring Repurchase Decisions by Accelerating Repurchase Behavior

Repurchase intention questions are routinely used in marketing research and practices to measure consumers’ repurchase decisions. They are easy to use but suffer from a few biases and weak predictive power. This article identifies three biases, namely, projection bias, lack-of-context bias, and hypothetical bias. A new method, repurchase acceleration (RA), is proposed targeting these biases. In RA, researchers buy back respondents’ currently owned products to ensure they are in the market, provide them with a representative choice set to mimic the repurchase market context, and attach real-life consequences to mimic the incentives in their real-life repurchases. An empirical study demonstrates that RA predicts significantly better than repurchase intention models and captures more than 3 times as much information as the best repurchase intention model does. We recommend that RA is used for high-value, long purchase-cycle products for a precise measure of consumers’ repurchase decisions for high-stake marketing decisions.

Other- versus Self-Referenced Social Impacts of Events: Validating a New Scale

Publicly funded sport events are partially justified based on positive social impacts. Past research generally measured social impact for a generic and global “other” with claims such as “Events create new friendships in the community”. These other-referenced (OR) social impacts are generally higher pre-event than post-event and are inflated for both methodological and theoretical reasons. In the pre-event period of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, we empirically tested OR items compared to self-referenced (SR) items, such as “Because of the event, I create new friends in the community” and allowed projection bias to vary between scales. Results of the experiment between an OR-Social Impact Scale (OR-SIS) and a similar SR-SIS confirmed OR-measures to be significantly higher than SR-measures. While artificially inflated OR scores may be useful for event organizers and politicians to gain support for hosting, estimates based on circumscribed self (SR) are a methodologically appropriate measurement of social impact.

A kivetítési torzítás mint a fogyasztói hasznosságot befolyásoló döntési hiba = Projection Bias as a Decision Bias Influencing Consumer Utility

A kivetítési torzítás a viselkedési közgazdaságtan által vizsgált döntési hibák egyike, amelynek következtében az egyén hasznosság-maximalizálása azért nem valósul meg, mert jövőbeni fogyasztásáról való jelenbeli döntése során hibás a jövőbeni preferenciáival kapcsolatos előrejelzése. A tanulmány célja, hogy dinamikus szemléletmód alapján vizsgálja, mely tényezők és miként befolyásolják a jövőbeni preferenciák becslését, valamint azt, hogy mi okozhatja a döntés és a fogyasztás közötti időszakban azok változását. Az előrejelzési hibát többek közt a pillanatnyi motivációk, az alkalmazkodási képesség alábecslése befolyásolja, a preferenciák változását pedig az önkontroll problémák és a fogyasztói szokások (ki)alakulása is előidézheti. Az írásmű a kivetítési torzításról összkép alkotására törekszik.