Do virtual reality experiments replicate projection bias phenomena? Examining the external validity of a virtual supermarket

The Use of Virtual Reality for Understanding Situations

The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190263348.013.12 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 203-218

Author(s):

David Gallardo-Pujol ◽

Macià Buades-Rotger

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

External Validity ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fixed Effect ◽

Research Tool ◽

The Core ◽

Experimental Approaches ◽

Internal And External Validity

This chapter summarizes and evaluates experimental approaches to situational research with an emphasis on virtual reality (VR). First, it outlines different methods to partition variance in person and situation perception and to highlight the advantages of experimental studies as a fixed-effect design. Next, the chapter weighs the merits of some commonly employed methods to standardize situations in experimental settings. The core of the chapter is devoted to VR. After a brief historical and conceptual introduction, it discusses the value of VR as a research tool in terms of internal and external validity. Subsequently, it shows how VR can aid the study of person-situation interactions by using a virtual replication of Stanley Milgram’s conformity study. Finally, it reviews recent studies that have pushed the boundaries of VR and enumerates the challenges yet to be overcome in the field. In sum, the chapter aims to provide a succinct and encouraging primer on the use of VR for situation research.

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The use of Virtual Reality for understanding situations: A fixed effects design

10.31234/osf.io/j45t6 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Gallardo-Pujol ◽

Macià Buades-Rotger

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

External Validity ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fixed Effect ◽

Research Tool ◽

The Core ◽

Experimental Approaches ◽

Internal And External Validity

In this chapter, we summarize and evaluate experimental approaches to situational research with an emphasis on virtual reality (VR). First, we outline different methods to partition variance in person and situation perception and highlight the advantages of experimental studies as a fixed-effect design. Next, we weigh the merits of some commonly employed methods to standardize situations in experimental settings. The core of the chapter is devoted to VR. After a brief historical and conceptual introduction, we discuss the value of VR as a research tool in terms of internal and external validity. Subsequently, we show how VR can aid the study of person-situation interactions using virtual replications of classical social psychology studies. Finally, we review recent studies that have pushed the boundaries of VR and enumerate the challenges yet to be overcome in the field. In sum, we aim to provide a succinct and encouraging primer on the use of VR for situation research.

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Detection of neuronal response in a new mechatronics equipment with virtual reality images

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s0013-4694(97)89078-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 223

Author(s):

A Rovetta

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Neuronal Response

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Epidural analgesia associated with low-dose oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: A critical look at the external validity of randomized trials

Yearbook of Anesthesiology and Pain Management ◽

10.1016/s1073-5437(08)70155-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

D.H. Chestnut

Keyword(s):

Epidural Analgesia ◽

External Validity ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Low Dose ◽

Cesarean Births ◽

Oxytocin Augmentation

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The German Post-Critical Belief Scale: Internal and External Validity

Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie ◽

10.1024/0044-3514.34.4.219 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bart Duriez ◽

Claudia Appel ◽

Dirk Hutsebaut

Keyword(s):

Internal Structure ◽

Present Article ◽

External Validity ◽

German Version ◽

Dutch Version ◽

German Sample ◽

Belief Scale ◽

Internal And External Validity

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.

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Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185.63.3.143 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 143-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fred W. Mast ◽

Charles M. Oman

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Line Length ◽

Perceptual Cues ◽

Virtual Reality Environment ◽

Top Down ◽

Test Conditions ◽

The Subject ◽

Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Swiss Surgery ◽

10.1024/1023-9332.8.6.250 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 250-254

Author(s):

Vogelbach ◽

Bogdan ◽

Rosenthal ◽

Pfefferkorn ◽

Triponez

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Neue Technik

Fragestellung: Die dieser Untersuchung zugrunde liegende Frage war, ob das angewandte Ausbildungskonzept geeignet war, um am Beispiel der Einführung der laparoskopischen Cholezystektomie eine neue Operationsmethode in einer universitären Ausbildungsklinik mit einer grossen Anzahl Chirurgen zu etablieren. Patienten und Methodik: Seit Einführung der ersten laparoskopischen Cholezystektomie wurden alle Cholezystektomien während zwei Jahren (Mai 1990 bis Mai 1992) prospektiv erfasst. Ein Ausbildungskonzept wurde gewählt, bei dem jeweils ein Operateur durch einen Tutor geschult wurde und so 15 konsekutive Eingriffe durchführte, um dann die Technik einem weiteren auszubildenden Chirurgen zu instruieren. Resultate: In zwei Jahren wurden 355 Patienten cholezystektomiert. 60% der Operationen wurden laparoskopisch durchgeführt oder begonnen. 40% der Operationen wurden offen durchgeführt. In den ersten zwei Jahren konnten 13 Operateure (durchschnittlich 16 Operationen / Operateur , range 1 - 60) in die neue Technik eingeführt werden. Es traten keine schweren Komplikationen, insbesondere keine Gallenwegsverletzungen in dieser Einführungsphase auf. Diskussion: In der Literatur wird dieses Vorgehen bei der Einführungsphase seit 1992 wiederholt vorgestellt, diskutiert und empfohlen. Zwischenzeitlich gibt es Richtlinien von Fachgesellschaften und nationalen Institutionen, welche die Ausbildung zur Ausführung neuer chirurgischer Techniken reglementieren. In den letzten Jahren verlagern sich die ersten Ausbildungsschritte in Richtung Trainingskurse an skill-stations und virtual reality Trainer. Schlussfolgerung: Das beschriebene Ausbildungskonzept bewährte sich in der Einführungsphase der laparoskopischen Cholezystektomie zu Beginn der 90er-Jahre.

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Analysis of Self-Concept in Older Adults in Different Contexts

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.20.4.262 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 262-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Manuel de Gracia Blanco ◽

Josep Garre Olmo ◽

María Marcó Arbonès ◽

Pilar Monreal Bosch

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

External Validity ◽

Aging Process ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Self Concept ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Discriminatory Capacity

Summary: Self-concept is a construct consisting of a group of specific self-perceptions that are hierarchically organized. Age-associated changes of self-concept are related to the individual's perception of the changes occurring throughout the aging process. The authors examined external validity and internal consistency of an instrument that has been developed to assess self-concept in older adults and examined self-concept's characteristics in two different contexts. Results confirm the multidimensionality of the scale and show a satisfactory external validity, indicating good discriminatory capacity. Findings support the hypothesis that older people who live in a nursing home have a poor self-esteem, self-concept, and psychological well-being and have a greater presence of depressive symptoms than people who live in their own home.

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