Ignoring Implementation: Defects in Canada’s “Rape Shield” Policy Cycle

This article employs a “policy cycle” framework to explore Bill C-51, legislation which contains Canada’s latest amendments to the “rape shield.” Through an in-depth evaluation of earlier rape shield reforms, as well as a content analysis of the legislative proceedings of Bill C-51, this paper reveals that, while the impetus for introducing rape shield legislation is to protect the equality and privacy rights of sexual assault complainants, the legislative process of these “policy cycles” focuses disproportionately on remedying due process concerns and less on the problems that arise in judicial implementation of the provisions. We situate this finding within the larger trend towards the “judicialization of politics,” and trace some of the institutional and structural obstacles that impede Parliamentarians from more effectively legislating to improve sexual assault trials for complainants.

Shedding Light on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Tribunal

This paper investigate the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan Environmental Protection Tribunal under the provisions of "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act, 2014", its judicial implementation and effective working in the province. The study also focus on the newly established Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Tribunal. Humans have a very close relation with nature and environment around them. Minute changes in the environment lead towards different diseases. Environmental pollution is of many kinds and includes all those things which become a factor in disturbing the original state of nature. The study found the factors affecting nature in the province and reasons behind continuous violations of environmental laws in the light of previous judgments and case laws of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Tribunal. It further came to the conclusion that the efforts of provincial government in the field of environmental protection and at the end recommendations and suggestions to improve the system.

KONSEP PERADILAN SECARA ELEKTRONIK DI LINGKUNGAN PERADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA

One of the major changes in case management carried out by the Supreme Court is the promulgation of the Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2018 concerning Administration of Case in Court Electronically. Electronic Justice as stipulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2018 this is an attempt by the Supreme Court to address complaints in case management which is slow and long-winded trials, costly, difficulty for access to justice, until the low integrity of the judicial apparatus due to the opening of opportunities for maladministration in conventional (non-electronic) judicial implementation. As an institution that just runs, Electronic Justice is found several problems, one of them is disharmony with the regulation of procedural law as stipulated in egulation Number 5 of 1986, imperfect case administration, until the coverage of electronic justice which only covers lawsuit cases in the Administrative Court, cannot be applied to the Appellate Court or Cassation and Review. Based on these problems, this normative law research was carried out, the result of which was the need to issue a Standard Operating Procedure for Electronic Justice in the State Administrative Court and revise the Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2018 by arranging case audits of Appeals, Cassation and Review are carried out electronically. AbstrakSalah satu perubahan besar dalam manajemen perkara yang dilaksanakan olehMahkamah Agung adalah pengundangan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 tentang Administrasi Perkara Di Pengadilan Secara Elektronik. Peradilan secara elektronik sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 ini merupakan upaya Mahkamah Agung guna mengatasi keluhan dalam manajemen perkara di pengadilan yang lambat dan bertele-tele, berbiaya mahal, sulitnya akses masyarakat untuk memperoleh keadilan, hingga rendahnya integritas aparatur peradilan akibat terbukanya peluang maladministrasi dalam pelaksanaan peradilan secara konvensional (non elektronik). Sebagai lembaga yang baru berjalan, pada Peradilan secara elektronik dijumpai beberapa permasalahan, antara lain disharmonisasi dengan pengaturan Hukum Acara sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1986, Administrasi Perkara yang belum sempurna, hingga cakupan Peradilan secara elektronik yang hanya meliputi perkara Gugatan pada Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, belum dapat diterapkan pada peradilan tingkat Banding maupun Kasasi dan Peninjauan Kembali. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, dilakukanlah penelitian hukum normatif ini, yang hasilnya adalah perlu diterbitkannya Standar Operasional Prosedur pada Peradilan secara elektronik di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara dan melakukan revisi atas Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 dengan mengatur pemeriksaan perkara Banding, Kasasi dan Peninjauan Kembali dilaksanakan melalui Peradilan secara elektronik.

The Judicial Implementation of the Provisions of Corporate Crimes in Saudi Law: التنفيذ القضائي لأحكام جرائم الشركات في القانون السعودي

This study aimed to identify the judicial implementation of the provisions of corporate crimes in Saudi law and determine the objectives of judicial execution and the competent authority in adjudicating the disputes of commercial companies and the role of lawyers in the trial proceedings in the crimes of commercial companies. Moreover, this study aimed at how to achieve justice in commercial courts. The researcher followed the descriptive method in this study as it has included all texts related to the activities and commercial relations contained in the current regulations. The results of the study reached several results, the most important of which are: The jurisdiction over the consideration of commercial disputes in the Kingdom has passed several stages, but in the recent past it is divided into two parts: the first is the Diwan of Grievances; the second is the committees with jurisdiction. However, Ombudsman for Commercial Disputes. As well as the judicial environment in the Kingdom is living a significant positive movement, especially in the legislative and executive aspects, and the non-unification of commercial judicial bodies in one hand led to duplication of the judiciary and resulted in the presence of more than one body charged with separating with the differentiation of competencies and their overlap in one conflict. The study recommended the need to unify the Saudi commercial judicial bodies in one jurisdiction, the commercial courts of the public judiciary, and rely on modern techniques of telecommuting methods to provide easy communication with lawyers.

Before and After the Weser Case: Legal Application of the Water Framework Directive Environmental Objectives in Sweden

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) prescribes environmental objectives and an adaptive water governance system. This article analyses the Swedish implementation of the WFD through a review of high-profile Swedish court cases regarding the application of the WFD environmental objectives in individual authorisation processes for water operations. The selection of court cases represents both the time before and after the Court of Justice of the European Union’s Weser case in 2015. The results indicate an inertial tendency in the legal application of the WFD environmental objectives in Swedish courts, including a reluctance to fully apply EU law as interpreted by the CJEU. The overall conclusion is that traditional legal certainty aspects often trump flexibility and a high level of environmental protection as desired in the adaptive water governance system of the WFD. This raises questions about judicial preconceptions and the procedural autonomy of the Member States vis-à-vis the ‘effet utile’ of EU law through judicial implementation.

Mediacja a sądowy typ stosowania prawa. Kontekst „otwierania” procesów decyzyjnych

<p>Paper’s aim deals with the analysis of the features of mediation (treated as a way of solving the legal problems) in the light of properties of the judicial implementation of the law in the context of both the decisional process and the legal reasoning within the operational interpretation of the law. The mediation, being an instrument of the opening of the legal order should be treated as a separate subtype of application of law, differentiated from judicial and administrative types. The indication of the actors operating in it, type of their competence, initiation and the course of the process as well as a way of the building of the decision through the using of axiological and functional rules of legal interpretation and the way in which the decision is justified allow to create an image of the basic elements of mediation in their decisional perspective.</p>