The Response of International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) to Resolve the Problem of Humanitarian Issue

This research aims to explain the role of International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO) namely ICBL (International Campaign to Ban Landmines). The objective of ICBL to overcome the problem of landmines as an emergency problem and critical issue in the world. This matter is because the effect of landmines and explosive remnants of war is very dangerous for humans, animals, and other living things. Otherwise, ICBL engage all of the states in the world to ratify an international agreement to ban using and producing landmine through The Mine Ban Treaty which agreed in 1997 by the states in the world. The efforts of ICBL are supported by United Nations and other advocacy networks. The obstacles arise from the unwillingness of great power to sign and ratify The Mine Ban Treaty. But, although still deal with some obstacles and challenges, ICBL able to decrease the amount of landmines in the world today. The research used secondary sources collected from books, journal, article, or other related-website.

DIPLOMASI INDONESIA TERHADAP PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN SENJATA (ARMS TRADE TREATY) PADA SIDANG MAJELIS UMUM PBB TAHUN 2013

<p>Artikel ini menganalisis sikap abstain Indonesia di Perjanjian Perdagangan Senjata (<em>Arms Trade Treaty</em>/ATT) pada tahun 2013 di Sidang Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) di New York. Permasalahan muncul Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang mendukung terbentuknya ATT dari awal pembahasan pada tahun 2006. Selain itu, sebelum terbentuknya ATT, Indonesia turut berpartisipasi aktif dalam rezim internasional mengenai senjata konvensional seperti <em>Mine Ban Treaty </em>dan <em>Convention on Cluster Munitions</em>. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk (1) menggambarkan faktor, proses pembentukan ATT, dan isi perjanjian ATT seperti prinsip dan aturan, (2) menjelaskan partisipasi aktif Indonesia dalam rezim internasional senjata konvensional sebelum ATT, (3) menganalisa sikap abstain Indonesia terhadap ATT. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan data sekunder. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan teori rezim internasional. Melalui teori pilihan rasional menghasilkan suatu pemahaman bahwa terdapat dua kepentingan Indonesia di dalam ATT, yaitu kepentingan mencegah perdagangan gelap dan menjaga kepentingan pertahanan. Meskipun Indonesia memiliki permasalahan mengenai perdagangan senjata gelap konvensional, tetapi Indonesia tetap memilih kepentingan pertahanan sebagai hal yang paling vital.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Indonesia, <em>Arms Trade Treaty</em>, senjata konvensional</p>

Why Japan Signed the Mine Ban Treaty: The Political Dynamics behind the Decision

This article clarifies the dynamics of Japan's decision-making process regarding its signing of the Mine Ban Treaty, analyzing the influence of non-governmental organizations on policymakers. It will demonstrate that this case was atypical in the Japanese decision-making process and that NGOs, with the support of domestic and international public opinion, can overcome entrenched bureaucratic policies.

The Ottawa Process and the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty

Between 3 and 4 December 1997, 122 governments signed theConvention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and On Their Destruction, marking the first time in history that die international community banned a weapon that is already in widespread use.Tens of millions of landmines are emplaced in about 70 nations. Another 100–200 million anti-personnel landmines are believed to be in the arsenals of more than 100 governments. Although militaries around the world have used antipersonnel landmines for decades, this treaty banning the weapon was proposed, developed, negotiated and signed in record time in recognition of the humanitarian imperative ‘to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines mat kill or maim hundreds of people every week, mostly innocent and defenceless civilians and especially children, obstruct economic development and reconstruction, inhibit the repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons, and have other severe consequences for years after emplacement’.