From Learning Psychiatry to Becoming Psychiatrists: A Qualitative Study of Co-constructive Patient Simulation

Objectives: Co-constructive patient simulation (CCPS) is a novel medical education approach that provides a participatory and emotionally supportive alternative to traditional supervision and training. CCPS can adapt iteratively and in real time to emergent vicissitudes and challenges faced by clinicians. We describe the first implementation of CCPS in psychiatry.Methods: We co-developed clinical scripts together with child and adolescent psychiatry senior fellows and professional actors with experience performing as simulated patients (SPs). We conducted the simulation sessions with interviewers blind to the content of case scenarios enacted by the SPs. Each hour-long simulation was followed by an hour-long debriefing session with all participants. We recorded and transcribed case preparation, simulation interactions, and debriefing sessions, and analyzed anonymized transcripts through qualitative analysis within a constructivist framework, aided by NVivo software.Results: Each of six CCPS sessions was attended by a median of 13 participants (range, 11–14). The first three sessions were conducted in person; the last three, which took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, via synchronized videoconferencing. Each of the sessions centered on clinically challenging and affectively charged situations informed by trainees' prior experiences. Through iterative thematic analysis we derived an alliterating “9R” model centered on three types of Reflection: (a) in action/“while doing” (Regulate, Relate, and Reason); (b) on action/“having done” (Realities, Restraints, and Relationships); and (c) for action/“will be doing” (with opportunities for Repair and Reaffirmation).Conclusions: CCPS is an experiential approach that fosters autonomous, meaningful, and individually tailored learning opportunities. CCPS and the 9R model for reflective practice can be effectively applied to psychiatry and have the potential to contribute uniquely to the educational needs of its trainees and practitioners.

Multi-Tiered Intensive Supervision: A Culturally-Informed Method of Clinical Supervision

n this exploratory phenomenological study, the authors researched the experiences of doctoral level supervisors (N=5) who piloted a new supervision approach, Multi-Tiered Intensive Supervision (MTIS). MTIS is a 13-week supervision intervention that involves hierarchical supervisory experiences which includes clinical supervision with three different professionals. This approach applies an anti-racist framework and merges the components of traditional supervision models which allows concepts such as knowledge development of multicultural counseling theory, conceptualization of the intersectionality of cultural identities and enhanced personal self-awareness across each layer of supervision. Five themes were identified: (a) recognition of power, privilege, and oppression; (b) personal impact; (c) deficits in current supervision training and models; (d) supervisory skill development; and (e) impact of MTIS. Implications and recommendations for supervisors, counselor education programs, and researchers are provided.

Automated Control on Wearing Personal Protective Equipment

The cost of world-wide accidents represent ≈4% of global Gross Domestic Product each year, which could be minimized or prevented by using adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Although wearing adequate PPE are mandatory in a number of occupations where workers are exposed to risks, experience show-us that supervision is necessary to ensuring it. The traditional supervision was proved not to be effective enough, making it necessary to turn on technological solutions. The objective of this work was to investigate if RFID technology is a feasible solution for monitoring the usage of PPE on construction sites, giving suggestions which tags to use and characteristics of RFID portals for field applications. The results of laboratory tests show that four antennas with correct disposition on the RFID portal are enough to ensure readability of the worker when passing through it. While six passive tags were tested, two of them were found to be ideal for this purpose: the Web Lite Wet Inlay with a rubber wrap due to its protective characteristics, and the SmartTrac Dog Bone due to its size. In conclusion, the RFID technology was found to be a feasible solution for automatically control the wearing of PPE on construction sites. There is a need for further research on construction sites.

Training Therapists in GFPP and Building GFPP Skills

This chapter discusses the training of therapists based on the authentic commitment to promoting client well-being. Experiential learning of Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy (GFPP) principles facilitates allegiance to this model. Goal Focused Positive Supervision (GFPS) is offered as a new model emphasizing supervisee strengths, approach goals, capitalizing on successes, and hopefulness. A supervision case example is given to illustrate GFPS. Supervisee training includes a developmental orientation to autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Expansion of traditional supervision models includes attention to positive supervisee events and strengths. The contagious relationship between client hope and therapist hope is highlighted. Therapist hope is required to build the therapeutic alliance. Training includes the promotion of essential GFPP therapist skills, and training methods are suggested. The Partners for Change Outcome Management System is useful in training and therapy to measure client progress toward well-being and alliance formation.

The Research on the Electronic Supervision of Drug Distribution System Control

Drugs are essential commodities for people to maintain health and prevent diseases. Drugs distribution is an essential process to ensure that drugs are transferred from production processes to consumers. The traditional supervision mode has backward technology, inefficient supervision, and supervision precision rough; with the development of electronic communications technology and the promotion of new health care reform, the new drug electronic supervision has emerged. The paper use control theory for drugs distribution system to build a control model of drug distribution system. Drugs electronic supervision achieves real-time supervise and feed forward control for drug distribution, the implementation of the distribution process in the drugs electronic supervision for the government is to improve supervision quality, and for enterprises is to standardize quality management, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of individuals are of great significance.

Feminist Identity and Theories as Correlates of Feminist Supervision Practices

Although feminist supervision approaches have been advanced in the literature as alternatives or adjuncts to traditional supervision models, little is known about those who utilize feminist supervision practices. This study was designed to examine if feminist supervision practices were related to one’s own feminist identity and various beliefs regarding feminism in general in a sample of 135 clinical supervisors. Results revealed that feminist supervision was significantly negatively correlated with passive acceptance of traditional gender roles and positively correlated with feelings of anger over sexism, connection with women’s communities, commitment to feminist activism, and beliefs that are consistent with five prominent feminist philosophies. Multiple regression analysis found that greater use of feminist supervision practices was uniquely related to being a woman; being lesbian, gay, or bisexual; and having a greater commitment to feminist activism. Research and practice implications are discussed.

Supervising in Groups as a Model for Today

The evolution from traditional supervision to a newer method of supervising in groups is described in relation to content, technique, and timing