Study by Optical Spectroscopy of Bismuth Emission in a Nanosecond-Pulsed Discharge Created in Liquid Nitrogen

Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy of nanosecond-pulsed discharges ignited in liquid nitrogen between two bismuth electrodes is used to determine the main discharge parameters (electron temperature, electron density and optical thickness). Nineteen lines belonging to the Bi I system and seven to the Bi II system could be recorded by directly plunging the optical fibre into the liquid in close vicinity to the discharge. The lack of data for the Stark parameters to evaluate the broadening of the Bi I lines was solved by taking advantage of the time-resolved information supported by each line to determine them. The electron density was found to decrease exponentially from 6.5 ± 1.5 × 1016 cm−3 200 ns after ignition to 1.0 ± 0.5 × 1016 cm−3 after 1050 ns. The electron temperature was found to be 0.35 eV, close to the value given by Saha’s equation.

Nanostructured Bismuth Electrodes for Non-Enzymatic Paracetamol Sensing: Development, Testing, and Computational Approach

In this work, new Screen Printed Carbon-paste Electrodes (SPCEs) were developed through deposition of nanostructures of HO–BiONO3 synthesized with or without surfactant additions. We performed a cyclic voltammetry study showing the improvement in performance of bismuth tailored electrodes for paracetamol sensing compared with bare SPCE. A computation study was also performed for investigating the interaction between paracetamol and bismuth species during the electron transfer process enlighten the preferential sites of interaction on the surface of modified SPEs.