Dust-Acoustic Nonlinear Waves in a Nanoparticle Fraction of Ultracold (2K) Multicomponent Dusty Plasma

The nonlinear dust-acoustic instability in the condensed submicron fraction of dust particles in the low-pressure glow discharge at ultra-low temperatures is experimentally and theoretically investigated. The main discharge parameters are estimated on the basisof the dust-acoustic wave analysis. In particular, the temperature and density of ions, as well as the Debye radius, are determined. It is shown that the ion temperature exceeds the temperature of the neutral gas. The drift characteristics of all plasma fractions are estimated. The reasons for the instability excitation are considered.

Study by Optical Spectroscopy of Bismuth Emission in a Nanosecond-Pulsed Discharge Created in Liquid Nitrogen

Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy of nanosecond-pulsed discharges ignited in liquid nitrogen between two bismuth electrodes is used to determine the main discharge parameters (electron temperature, electron density and optical thickness). Nineteen lines belonging to the Bi I system and seven to the Bi II system could be recorded by directly plunging the optical fibre into the liquid in close vicinity to the discharge. The lack of data for the Stark parameters to evaluate the broadening of the Bi I lines was solved by taking advantage of the time-resolved information supported by each line to determine them. The electron density was found to decrease exponentially from 6.5 ± 1.5 × 1016 cm−3 200 ns after ignition to 1.0 ± 0.5 × 1016 cm−3 after 1050 ns. The electron temperature was found to be 0.35 eV, close to the value given by Saha’s equation.

193 Epidemiological trend of amyloidosis and its association with cardiovascular conditions: a single-center report

Aims Despite improved awareness and advances in cardiac imaging, cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a substantially underdiagnosed disease. ATTRwt amyloidosis may be responsible for as many as 30% of HF with preserved ejection fraction in patients >75 years old. Contemporary estimates of its epidemiology in Italy are poorly provided. The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyse yearly inpatient claims consistent with amyloidosis in a single centre of Veneto region (Azienda Ospedaliera—Università di Padova). Methods Inpatient claims were counted in the series in each year if they had at least 1 principal or secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth revision—clinical modification (ICD-9, CM) code for amyloidosis (27730-27739), from January 2009 to February 2021. Primary outcome was to clarify if an increase in claims went hand in hand with novel and wider awareness of the disease. Secondary outcome was to identify major comorbidities determining or accompanying acute conditions leading to hospitalization. Results During the study period, there was a total of 328 claims containing ICD9-CM code for amyloidosis; 139 of them (42%) registered before 2015, 189 (58%) after 2015. Mean number of hospitalizations increased during time, starting from 20 claims per year between 2009 and 2015, to 36.8 from 2015 to 2020 (excluded current year). Considering main discharge diagnosis, 84 (25.6%) was related to cardiological condition, of them 56 (66%) was about acute or acute on chronic heart failure, 9 (10.7%) to arrhythmias, both brady- and tachyarrhythmia, 6 (7.1%) to coronary disease, 4 (4.8%) to aortic stenosis. The other most frequent discharge diagnoses, 36 (10.9%) were due to neurological condition, mostly neurovascular disease, 26 (7.9%) were due to haematological disease, mostly multiple myeloma, 14 (4.2%) were about nephrological condition, mostly related to advanced or pre-dialysis renal disease. Regarding related discharge diagnoses, the most frequent were cardiological conditions, appearing in 205 (62.5%) claims. 128 (62.4%) of them were due to acute or chronic heart failure, 10 (4.1%) to brady-tachyarrhythmias, 9 (4.4%) to ischaemic heart disease, and 6 (2.9%) to aortic valve disease. About other associated conditions reported in ICD9-CM codes used 84 (25.6%) were related to haematological diseases, 68 (20.7%) to neurological disease, 52 (15.8%) to renal disease, 23 (7%) to gastroenterological diagnoses (mostly GI bleeding). Conclusions Over the last years, there have been a substantial increase in amyloidosis diagnosis in our centre. This appears to go hand in hand with an increase in clinicians’ CA awareness, as confirmed by the fact that main discharge diagnosis is related to cardiac condition, and more specifically heart failure. Heart is again the most important comorbidity in patients hospitalized for other conditions, mostly related to nephrological, neurological, haematological affections confirming its role as main prognostic determinant in a complex disease, and the necessity to search for it, find it and quickly cure it.

The Serum Uric Acid Level of Bipolar Depression: A Retrospective Real-World Study

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether serum uric acid can be used as a biomarker to identify bipolar disorder (BD) from unipolar depression (UD). Methods We reviewed the medical records of 18-65-year-old depressive patients hospitalized in the first hospital of Shanxi Medical University from October 2015 to October 2020. The main discharge diagnosis of these patients was recurrent depressive disorder(RDD) or BD. The data of gender, age, education level, drug use and serum uric acid level were extracted. The differences of uric acid levels between the two groups at admission and discharge were compared. Results The uric acid level of BD decreased after treatment, the uric acid level of BD group was significantly higher than that of UD group at baseline (P=0.02) and after treatment (P=0.025). Conclusion UA may be a potential biomarker to distinguish BD from UD.

Empirical regularities investigation of rock mass discharge by explosion on the free surface of a pit bench

Minimizing the discharge of blasted rock mass into the developed space of the pit is a very relevant area for study, as it allows to increase the processability of work and reduce the cost of mining. The article presents the results of experimental industrial explosions, during which the study of this issue was conducted. The main purpose of the work was to establish the key factors affecting the volume of rock mass discharge to the pit haulage berm. During the analysis of the world experience of research on this topic, the key factors affecting the formation of collapse and discharge – natural and technological – are identified. The method of conducting experiments and collecting data for analyzing the influence of technological parameters of location, charging and initiation of wells on the volume of rock mass discharge is described. It is established that the main discharge to the pit haulage berm is formed by the volume of rock mass limited by the prism of the slope angle. With a sufficient rock mass displacement from the edge of the bench crest towards the center of the block, only the wells of the 1st and 2nd rows participate in the discharge formation. Empirical dependences of the total volume of rock mass discharge on the length of the block along the bench crest, the specific consumption of explosives, the size of a rock piece P50 and the rate of rock breaking are obtained. The obtained results can be used to design the parameters of the drilling and blasting operations (DBO), as well as to predict and evaluate the possible consequences of a mass explosion in similar mining and geological conditions.

Constraining the Origin Altitude of the first Satellite-Detected Reverse-Beam Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flash Produced by a Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Leader.

<p>We provide an updated analysis of the gamma-ray signature of a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor first reported by Pu et al. 2020. Gamma-ray photons were produced 3ms prior to a negative cloud-to-ground return stroke and were close to simultaneous with an isolated low frequency radio pulse during the leaders propagation, with a polarity indicating downward moving negative charge. This ‘slow’ low frequency signal occurring prior to the main discharge has previously been strongly correlated with upward directed TGF events (Pu et al. 2019, Cummer et al. 2011) leading the authors to conclude that the Fermi detected counts just prior to the return stroke are the result of a reverse positron beam generating upward directed gamma rays.<span>  </span>We investigate the feasibility of this scenario and constrain the limits on the origin altitude from the perspective of the gamma-ray signature timing uncertainties, TGF Monte Carlo simulations, estimates of intrinsic brightness as a function of altitude, and meteorological analysis of the storm and its possible charge structure and altitude.</p>

Исследования механизма коммутации короткого вакуумного промежутка с помощью вспомогательного искрового разряда

The ionization of a rarefied gas in a short gap by a stream of short-wave radiation and fast electrons from the plasma of an auxiliary spark discharge along the dielectric surface is detected, sufficient to initiate an arc discharge in the gap. The density of the ionizing flow of particles and radiation determines the delay time of the switching gap in relation to the start of the auxiliary discharge. With an increase in the initial concentration of free electrons in the main discharge gap, the transition time to an arc discharge is reduced, due to the development of instabilities.

Influence of Electron Injection on the Characteristics of a Hollow Cathode Glow Discharge

The article presents the results of experimental studies of a glow discharge with a hollow cathode in helium and argon gases using an auxiliary discharge as an electron emitter. The authors proposed to make the electrode common for both discharges in the form of a cylindrical metal mesh. The advantage of this design is explained as follows. The connection between the discharges is carried out through holes in the grid with a geometric transparency of 0.2, which makes it possible not only to smoothly control the glow discharge current, but also to enhance the discharge current. Plasma is known to be one of the most efficient electron emitters; however, its use as a cathode in devices with a glow discharge at low gas pressures is complicated by the fact that a grid with small holes is required to separate the electron flow from the plasma, and it is impractical to use such a system in view of low mechanical strength of the grid Since the hollow cathode works effectively at low gas pressures, the release of an electron flux from the plasma of some auxiliary discharge is possible with much larger holes in the grid separating the plasma and the hollow cathode cavity. In this case, the grid can be made such that it can withstand sufficiently high thermal loads and can operate in typical discharge modes with a hollow cathode. The injection of electrons into the cathode cavity of the glow discharge changes the radial distribution of the glow intensity, the width of the cathode dark space, and other parameters of the plasma in the cathode cavity. The influence of electrons penetrating from the auxiliary discharge into the cathode cavity of the main discharge becomes significant when the current of these electrons is comparable to or exceeds the current of electrons leaving the grid cathode surface as a result of γ-processes. In parallel with the measurement of the optical and electrical characteristics of the hollow cathode glow discharge plasma, measurements of the electron concentration were carried out by the microwave sounding method. The entire current of the auxiliary discharge penetrates into the cavity of the main discharge; however, after acceleration in the cathode dark space, the electrons penetrating from the auxiliary discharge ionize gas atoms and noticeably increase the current of the main discharge. Additional ions formed due to the ionization of the gas by the injected electrons knock out new electrons from the cathode surface, which makes it possible to increase the discharge current.

Analisis Neraca Keseimbangan Air Baku Layanan PDAM Amuntai

Abstrak PDAM BNA Amuntai adalah unit penyedian air bersih di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara yang melayani penyediaan air bersih untuk keperluan masyarakat tiga kecamatan yaitu Amuntai Utara, Selatan dan Tengah. Laju angka pertumbuhan di tiga kecamatan ini membuat kebutuhan air bersih semakin bertambah setiap tahunnya. Pengadaan air bersih untuk masyarakat bertujuan agar lapisan masyarakat menjalani pola hidup sehat.Untuk mengetahui jumlah kebutuhan air bersih pada tahun tertentu, menggunakan analisis proyeksi penduduk dengan standar kebutuhan air bersih berdasarkan panduan Kementrian PU. Menghitung ketersedian air disungai Balangan (debit andalan) menggunakan analisis data klimatologi dan data bangkitan hujan menggunakan metode mock. Hasil analisis jumlah penduduk di tiga kecamatan layanan PDAM BNA Amuntai pada tahun 2049 berdasarkan hasil proyeksi penduduk sebanyak 154.972,2 jiwa. Dengan layanan 90% kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap air bersih layanan PDAM BNA Amuntai pada tahun 2049 sebanyak 771.843,38 m³/bulan. Hasil analisis debit andalan ketersedian air baku sebanyak 12.933.464,72 m³/bulan. Sehingga persentase kebutuhan air bersih sebesar 5,97%. terhadap ketersedian air baku di sungai. Abstract PDAM BNA Amuntai is a clean water supply unit in the North Hulu Sungai Regency that serves clean water for the needs of the community of three sub-districts, namely North, South and Central Amuntai. The rate of growth in these three sub-districts makes the need for clean water growing every year. The provision of clean water aims to ensure that the layers of society live a healthy lifestyle. Analysis of population projections with clean water requirements based on the Ministry of Public Works guidelines to calculate clean water needs. Calculating the availability of water in the Balangan river (mainstay discharge) using climatological data analysis and rainfall generation data using the mock method. The results of the analysis of the population in the three sub-districts of PDAM BNA Amuntai service in 2049 based on the projection of the population of 154,972.2 people. With 90% service, the community's need for clean water services at PDAM BNA Amuntai in 2049 is 771,843.38 m³/month. The results of the main discharge analysis of the availability of raw water were 12,933,464.72 m³/month. So the percentage of clean water needs is 5.97%. towards the availability of raw water in the river