Establishing priorities for Pennsylvania community flood resilience

This white paper provides an overview of priorities related to community resilience to flooding that emerged during a 27 September 2019 meeting with local, regional and state representatives in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. The document compiles workshop details, participants and a summary of discussions and outcomes. It does not, however, attempt to provide a comprehensive listing of every topic raised by participants. In addition, this workshop was held before the advent of covid-19; the impacts of this pandemic are not addressed in this document.

Current caselaw discrepancies in the protection of national symbols and state representatives between the European Court of Human Rights and Spanish courts: a vicious circle

Despite the general consensus about freedom of expression being a basic fundamental right on every democratic society, the debate about its boundaries has never found such a pacific agreement. Thus, the Spanish Penal Code has several articles that punish its abuse that are highly contested, like articles 490.3 and 543 that penalize the offenses directed towards national symbols or State representatives. This being so, this article examines the controversy generated by the application of this articles through the analysis of two judgements issued by the European Court of Human Rights against Spain, and a third one issued by the Spanish Constitutional Court that could follow the same path. This work will be done to describe the clash that exists between the caselaw of these two jurisdictions, in order to critically analyze the approach Spanish courts have to behaviors that criticize national symbols and state representatives.

Penanggulangan Orang Asing Yang Menjadi Korban Perdagangan Orang dan Penyeludupan Manusia di Bidang Keimigrasian

Indonesia is a country that attracts the attention of foreigners to visit Indonesia. The number of foreign enthusiasts to visit the territory of Indonesia makes immigration a gateway for a country that is very picky in allowing foreigners to enter Indonesia. procedures that are deemed too difficult, individuals appear who can make it easier for foreigners to enter Indonesian territory. because of this, many people take advantage of it to gain profits by committing crimes in the form of human trafficking and people smuggling. This study describes the handling of foreigners who are victims of human trafficking and people smuggling in accordance with existing laws and regulations. In addition, the implementation of statutory regulations in terms of handling foreigners who become victims of trafficking in persons and people smuggling has been carried out by the Immigration Office in the form of placing foreigners in the Immigration Detention Center or other designated places without being subject to Immigration Administrative Actions and also different handling with detainees for other cases, as well as managing files and data from victims of trafficking in persons and people smuggling so that they can be immediately repatriated to their countries of origin. In repatriating victims to their countries of origin, immigration cooperates with the ministry of foreign affairs to coordinate with state representatives in Indonesia.

6. Immunity from national jurisdiction and diplomatic protection

This chapter discusses the different forms of immunity from national jurisdiction enjoyed by a state and its representatives. It presents state immunity and the complicated distinction between sovereign (jure imperii) and commercial (jure gestionis) acts. It discusses the exception to state immunity for commercial acts; provides an overview of some of the additional exceptions to state immunity; and discusses the immunities of state representatives. It distinguishes between immunity ratione personae and immunity ratione materiae and discusses how the distinction is applied to different state representatives. It also discusses the immunities of diplomatic representatives and diplomatic missions as well as the issue of consular protection and the immunities enjoyed by so-called special missions.

Epilogue

The Epilogue opens up the narrative to consider the longer history of communications networks in Germany. It begins with a brief discussion of the reception of the telephone in scientific circles and by state representatives in the 1870s and 1880s, to demonstrate how the expectations associated with the telegraph half a century earlier were raised once again by a new technology. Drawing upon this example, it proposes a reflection on the role of communications technologies in fostering characteristically modern hopes and anxieties, and brings together the main themes evoked throughout the book. In doing so, it highlights some of the ways in which the development and implementation of telegraphic communication shaped the peculiarities of German modernity, while also tying the region into a much longer-term and geographically widespread process of ‘modernization’.

Hammarskjöld at The Hague

The chapter probes into the segment of small-state representatives at the Second Hague Peace Conference in 1907 by focusing on the views and activities of one of the more vocal and influential among the delegates, Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953). The analysis of Hammarskjöld’s role, presence, and activities at The Hague serves as a prism of international legal diplomacy and politics and the distinct contribution the northern neutrals made. On that basis, a range of new questions can be asked and suppositions tested—about the function of international law for less powerful states; about the self-conception, international legal tradition, and spectrum of expectations of small-state representatives at the Peace Conferences; about their diplomatic and political ways and means to exercise influence and mould the proceedings; and about the effect and persistence of their experiences at The Hague in their future careers and conduct.

ON SOME ISSUES RELATED TO THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES OF THE STATE FOR CRIMES (OFFENCES) CORRUPTION-RELATED ACTIVITIES

В статье проанализированы проблемы уголовной ответственности представителей государства за преступления коррупционной направленности. Предложены меры по борьбе с коррупцией в УК РФ. The article analyzes the problems of criminal liability of state representatives for corruption-related crimes. Measures to combat corruption in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are proposed.

The Rules Applicable to Conflicts of Interests for Canadian State Representatives

Conflicts of interest among public officials and public servants have long been an issue of public concern. This paper discusses the various legal instruments implemented by Canada as well as the legal principles that directly address the different aspects of this issue in Canada

Witchcraft Trials’ Processes and Extralegal Prosecution of Witchcraft

This chapter investigates witchcraft trials' processes and extralegal prosecution of witchcraft in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Hetmanate, as well as in Muscovy and imperial Russia. Accusations of witchcraft in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth came from private citizens, not from state representatives; in other words, they flowed into courts from society, rather than being part of a top-down witch hunt. Suspected witches in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth could be prosecuted and sent to the torture chamber in order to elicit a confession. While municipal courts in the autonomous Hetmanate continued to apply Magdeburg Law and other Polish-Lithuanian statutes, they also sometimes referred to Russian decrees. In the witchcraft trials, Muscovite judges asked a prescribed set of questions that dwelled on the issues of physical harm and betrayed concern for preventing the spread of magical criminality. Under Catherine II, the court system underwent a major overhaul, as did the approach to the prosecution of witchcraft.

Absent Peace in Colombia: A Study of Transition Discourses in Former Combatants

The Colombian State and subversive groups have made attempts to build peace by the establishment of accords since the 1980s. Recently, the signature of a peace accord by former president Santos and the FARC-EP leadership in 2016, has come along with changes in the interpretative frameworks of the conflict and the emergence of new institutions, forms of subjectivity and collective meanings around peace. Nowadays, Colombia is in the transition from being a country at war to a peaceful nation. In this transition, the discourse of victims and state representatives about peace and conflict are predominant in the literature. This article characterizes the simultaneously coexisting discourses about peace and conflict in former combatants. We conducted a discourse analysis of 19 semi-structured interviews with former members of paramilitaries and guerrillas. The results are clustered into two categories: absent peace, in which peace is seen as the lack of something that was missed and lost; and the indefinite war, where peace can be hardly imagined due to the permanence of conflict and longevity of violence. The overlooked angle of the narratives of combatants about peace and conflict is discussed, and the findings are suggested as potential guidelines to navigate displaced and divergent accounts of peace and conflict in transition societies.