algal biofuels
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2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Kruger ◽  
Matthew Wiatrowski ◽  
Ryan E. Davis ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
Eric P. Knoshaug ◽  
...  

Recent techno-economic analysis (TEA) has underscored that for algal biofuels to be cost competitive with petroleum fuels, co-products are necessary to offset the cost of fuel production. The co-product suite must scale with fuel production while also maximizing value from the non-fuel precursor components. The co-product suite also depends on algal biomass composition, which is highly dynamic and depends on environmental conditions during cultivation. Intentional shifts in composition during cultivation are often associated with reduced biomass productivity, which can increase feedstock production costs for the algae-based biorefinery. The optimal algae-based biorefinery configuration is thus a function of many factors. We have found that comprehensive TEA, which requires the construction of process models with detailed mass and energy balances, along with a complete accounting of capital and operating expenditures for a commercial-scale production facility, provides invaluable insight into the viability of a proposed biorefinery configuration. This insight is reflected in improved viability for one biorefining approach that we have developed over the last 10 years, namely, the Combined Algal Processing (CAP) approach. This approach fractionates algal biomass into carbohydrate-, lipid-, and protein-rich fractions, and tailors upgrading chemistry to the composition of each fraction. In particular, transitioning from valorization of only the lipids to a co-product suite from multiple components of high-carbohydrate algal biomass can reduce the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) from more than $8/gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) to $2.50/GGE. This paper summarizes that progress and discusses several surprising implications in this optimization approach.


2022 ◽  
pp. 359-378
Author(s):  
Surbhi Sinha ◽  
Sonal Nigam ◽  
Rachana Singh
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1295-1301
Author(s):  
K. Ashok ◽  
M. Babu ◽  
S. Anandhi ◽  
G. Padmapriya ◽  
V. Jula

The large application potential of micro-algae in the clean energy, biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have recently drawn a substantial world interest. Biofuels, bioactive pharmaceutical drugs and food additives are organic, natural and economical sources. As biofuels, they have a good cost, renewability or environmental replacement for liquid fossil fuels. Microalges provide productive biomass feedstock for biofuel as demand for biofuels rises worldwide. These resources may be processed into biodiesel with ample supplies of biomass in rural communities. The cultivation of genetically modified algae in recent years has been pursued to promote the marketing of algae. In particular, this would benefit society if linked with a successful policy on algal biofuels and other by-products in the government. In terms of survival of the world's current problems, Algal technologies are a transformative but complementary tool. Algal fuel marketing remains a bottleneck and a threat. It is technically possible to have a big output but it is not economic. This study therefore focuses principally on problems in commercial development of biological microalgae and potential strategies for overcoming this challenge.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Seraj

Farming algae for chemicals, pigments, neutraceutical and even fuel is not a novel idea. What is new however is recent volatility in energy prices coupled with heightened global sensitivity to food prices - partly instigated by the massive proliferation of food-based biofuels - that has brought algal biofuels to the forefront of energy research and commercial activity. Algal biofuels offer great promise in providing a sustainably-sourced, carbon-neutral option that can meet a significant portion, if not all, of the global transportation fuel needs in the coming decades. For a sector such as aviation, which has no other short-term practical alternative to fossil fuel liquids fuels, algal jet fuel offers a massive opportunity that if captured, can provide fuel cost and supply stability as well as a critical avenue to actively manage its growing GHG footprint. However, being a nascent technology, the fuel pathway innovation will rely on heavy and continuous investment to accelerate its development. This study assesses whether a carbon price framework can enhance the commercialization potential of algal jet fuel by way of mobilizing investment into the technology, and if not, what requisite improvements in technology and policy accommodations need to be made in order to allow algal jet fuel to be competitively produced.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Seraj

Farming algae for chemicals, pigments, neutraceutical and even fuel is not a novel idea. What is new however is recent volatility in energy prices coupled with heightened global sensitivity to food prices - partly instigated by the massive proliferation of food-based biofuels - that has brought algal biofuels to the forefront of energy research and commercial activity. Algal biofuels offer great promise in providing a sustainably-sourced, carbon-neutral option that can meet a significant portion, if not all, of the global transportation fuel needs in the coming decades. For a sector such as aviation, which has no other short-term practical alternative to fossil fuel liquids fuels, algal jet fuel offers a massive opportunity that if captured, can provide fuel cost and supply stability as well as a critical avenue to actively manage its growing GHG footprint. However, being a nascent technology, the fuel pathway innovation will rely on heavy and continuous investment to accelerate its development. This study assesses whether a carbon price framework can enhance the commercialization potential of algal jet fuel by way of mobilizing investment into the technology, and if not, what requisite improvements in technology and policy accommodations need to be made in order to allow algal jet fuel to be competitively produced.


2021 ◽  
pp. 209-244
Author(s):  
Sreedevi Sarsan ◽  
K. Vindhya Vasini Roy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsinraju Devadasu ◽  
Rajagopal Subramanyam

Microalgae are used as a source of lipids for the production of biofuels. Most algae produce neutral lipids under stress conditions. Here, lipid accumulation by the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was examined during cultivation under iron-limiting conditions. Severe iron stress caused the cells to accumulate a significant amount of lipid, specifically triacylglycerols (TAGs), by compromising the growth. Semi-quantitative measurements by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed an increase in both carbohydrate and lipid content in iron-stressed C. reinhardtii cells compared to control. Analysis by flow cytometry and thin layer chromatography confirmed that severe iron deficiency-induced TAG accumulation to fourfold higher than in iron-replete control cells. This accumulation of TAGs was mostly degraded from chloroplast lipids accompanied by overexpression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2A) protein. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis demonstrated significantly enhanced levels of C16:0, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids (FAs). These results indicate that iron stress triggers the rapid accumulation of TAGs in C. reinhardtii cells. The enhanced production of these lipids caused by the iron deficiency may contribute to the efficient production of algal biofuels if we escalate to the photobioreactor’s growth conditions.


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